History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073.

J. W. H. Stobart: Islam and its Founder. London, 1876.
J. Wellhausen: Art. Moh. in the "Encycl. Brit." 9th ed. vol. XVI. 545–565.
IV. History Of The Arabs And Turks.
Jos. von Hammer-Purgstall: Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches. Pesth, 1827–34, 10 vols. A
smaller ed. in 4 vols. This standard work is the result of thirty years’ labor, and brings the history
down to 1774. By the same: Literaturgeschichte der Araber. Wien, 1850–’57, 7 vols.
G. Weil: Gesch. der Chalifen. Mannheim, 1846–5l, 3 vols.
Caussin de Perceval: Essai sur l’histoire des Arabes. Paris, 1848, 3 vols.
Edward A. Freeman (D. C. L., LL. D.): History and Conquests of the Saracens. Lond., 1856, 3d
ed. 1876.
Robert Durie Osborn (Major of the Bengal Staff Corps): Islam under the Arabs. London., 1876;
Islam under the Khalifs of Baghdad. London, 1877.
Sir Edward S. Creasy: History of the Ottoman Turks from the Beginning of their Empire to the
present Time. Lond., 2d ed. 1877. Chiefly founded on von Hammer’
Th. Nöldeke: Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden. Aus der arabischen Chronik
des Tabari übersetzt. Leyden, 1879.
Sir Wm. Muir: Annals of the Early Caliphate. London 1883.
V. Manners And Customs Of The Mohammedans.
Joh. Ludwig Burckhardt: Travels in Nubia, 1819; Travels in Syria and Palestine, 1823; Notes on
the Bedouins, 1830.
Edw. W. Lane: Modern Egyptians. Lond., 1836, 5th ed. 1871, in 2 vols.
Rich. F. Burton: Personal narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah, Lond. 1856, 3
vols.
C. B. Klunzinger: Upper Egypt: its People and its Products. A descriptive Account of the Manners,
Customs, Superstitions, and Occupations of the People of the Nile Valley, the Desert, and the
Red Sea Coast. New York, 1878. A valuable supplement to Lane.
Books of Eastern Travel, especially on Egypt and Turkey. Bahrdt’s Travels in Central Africa (1857),
Palgrave’s Arabia (1867), etc.
VI. Relation Of Mohammedanism To Judaism.
Abraham Geiger: Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthum aufgenommen? Bonn, 1833.
Hartwig Hirschfeld: Jüdische Elemente im Koran. Berlin, 1878.
VII. Mohammedanism as a Religion, and its Relation to Christianity.
L. Maracci: Prodromus ad refutationem Alcorani. Rom., 1691, 4 vols.
S. Lee: Controversial Tracts on Christianity and Mahometanism. 1824.
J. Döllingber (R.C.): Muhammed’s Religion nach ihrer innern Entwicklung u. ihrem Einfluss auf
das Leben der Völker. Regensb. 1838.
A. Möhler (R.C.): Das Verhältniss des Islam zum Christenthum (in his "Gesammelte Schriften").
Regensb., 1839.
C. F. Gerock: Versuch einer Darstellung der Christologie des Koran. Hamburg and Gotha, 1839.
J. H. Newman (R.C.): The Turks in their relation to Europe (written in 1853), in his "Historical
Sketches." London, 1872, pp. 1–237.
Dean Arthur P. Stanley: Mahometanism and its relations to the Eastern Church (in Lectures on the
"History of the Eastern Church." London and New York, 1862, pp. 360–387). A picturesque
sketch.
Dean Milman: History of Latin Christianity. Book IV., chs.1 and 2. (Vol. II. p. 109).