- Tharyk crosses the Straits from Africa to Europe, and calls the mountain Jebel Tharyk
(Gibraltar). - Battle of Poitiers and Tours; Abd-er-Rahman defeated by Charles Martel; Western Europe
saved from Moslem conquest.
786–809. Haroun al Rashîd, Caliph of Bagdad. Golden era of Mohammedanism. Correspondence
with Charlemagne). - Allp Arslan, Seljukian Turkish prince.
- The First Crusade. Capture of Jerusalem by Godfrey of Bouillon.
- Saladin, the Sultan of Egypt and scourge of the Crusaders, conquers at Tiberias and takes
Jerusalem, (1187); is defeated by Richard Coeur de Lion at Askelon, and dies 1193. Decline
of the Crusades.
1288–1326. Reign of Othman, founder of the Ottoman (Turkish) dynasty. - Capture of Constantinople by Mohammed II., "the Conqueror," and founder of the greatness
of Turkey. (Exodus of Greek scholars to Southern Europe; the Greek Testament brought to the
West; the revival of letters.) - July 2. Boabdil (or Alien Abdallah) defeated by Ferdinand at Granada; end of Moslem rule
in Spain. (Discovery of’ America by Columbus). - Ottoman Sultan Selim I. conquers Egypt, wrests the caliphate from the Arab line of the
Koreish through Motawekkel Billah, and transfers it to the Ottoman Sultans; Ottoman caliphate
never acknowledged by Persian or Moorish Moslems. (The Reformation.)
1521–1566. Solyman II., "the Magnificent," marks the zenith of the military power of the Turks;
takes Belgrade (1521), defeats the Hungarians (1526), but is repulsed from Vienna (1529 and
1532). - Defeat of Selim II. at the naval battle of Lepanto by the Christian powers under Don John
of Austria. Beginning of the decline of the Turkish power. - Final repulse of the Turks at the gates of Vienna by John Sobieski, king of Poland, 2Sept.
12; Eastern Europe saved from Moslem rule. - Peace at Jassy in Moldavia, which made the Dniester the frontier between Russia and Turkey.
- Annihilation of the Turko-Egyptian fleet by, the combined squadrons of England, France,
and Russia, in the battle of Navarino, October 20. Treaty of Adrianople, 1829. Independence
of the kingdom of Greece, 1832. - End of Crimean War; Turkey saved by England and France aiding the Sultan against the
aggression of Russia; Treaty of Paris; European agreement not to interfere in the domestic
affairs of Turkey. - Defeat of the Turks by Russia; but checked by the interference of England under the lead of
Lord Beaconsfield. Congress of the European powers, and Treaty of Berlin; independence of
Bulgaria secured; Anglo-Turkish Treaty; England occupies Cyprus—agrees to defend the
frontier of Asiatic Turkey against Russia, on condition that the Sultan execute fundamental
reforms in Asiatic Turkey. - Supplementary Conference at Berlin. Rectification and enlargement of the boundary of
Montenegro and Greece.
rick simeone
(Rick Simeone)
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