Inorganic and Applied Chemistry

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Inorganic and Applied Chemistry

each electron has its own unique set of quantum numbers is called Pauli’s exclusion principle. If only one

electron is hosted in an orbital this electron is said to be unpaired. An element which has unpaired electrons

in one or more orbitals is said to be paramagnetic. On the other hand an element without unpaired electrons

is said to be diamagnetic.

Paramagnetic atom: An atom that has unpaired electrons in one or more orbitals

Diamagneticaom: An atom that has no unpaired electrons in its orbitals.

1.1.7 Orbital configuration

As mentioned in section 1.1.6 Wave functions and orbitals the angular momentum quantum number l

determines the shape of the orbital while the magnetic quantum number ml determines the orientation of the

orbital relative to the nucleus. Each orbital is designated with a letter dependent of the value of the angular

momentum quantum number l:

l = 0, orbital is designated with the letter s. ml= 0 (1 orbital)

l = 1 orbital is designated with the letter p. ml= -1,0,+1 (3 orbitals)

l = 2, orbital is designated with the letter d. ml= -2,-1,0,1,2 (5 orbitals)

l = 3, orbital is designated with the letter f. ml= -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3 (7 orbitals)

Atoms

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