London, 1995.
Seton-Karr, H., “The Preservation of Big Game”, Journal of
the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the
Empire, 4: 26-28, 1908.
Stevenson Hamilton, J., “Opposition to game reserves”,
SPWFE Journal1907: 53-9, 1907.
Terborgh, J., Requiem for Nature, Island Press, Washington
DC, 1999.
Toogood, M., “Decolonizing Highland Conservation”, pp.
152-171 in William Adams and Martin Mulligan (2003)
(Eds.) Decolonizing Nature: strategies for conservation in
a post-colonial era, Earthscan, London, 2003.
Western, D. and Wright, R.M., “The background to commu-
nity-based conservation”, pp. 1-14 in Western, D.,
Wright, R.M. and Strum, S.C. Natural Connections: per-
spectives on community-based conservation, Island
Press, Washington, 1994.
Wilshusen, P.R., Brechin, S.R., Fortwangler, C.L., West, P.C.
“Reinventing a square wheel: critique of a resurgent
“protectionist paradigm” in international biodiversity con-
servation”, Society and Natural Resources15: 17-40,
2002.Notes(^1) Adams, 2004.
(^2) Barton 2003, Grove 1995,
(^3) MacKenzie 1989; Bunce 1994; Neumann, 1998
(^4) MacKenzie, 1989
(^5) Toogood,2003.
(^6) Jacoby. 2001.
(^7) Jeffers, 2003.
(^8) Adams, 2004.
(^9) Hornaday. 1921, (p. 56, 54).
(^10) Prendergast and Adams 2003, Adams 2004.
(^11) Buxton, 1902 (p. 115).
(^12) Saturday ReviewNov 24th 1906 (‘The Dying Fauna of
an Empire’, Journal SPWFE,3: 75-77, p. 76)
(^13) Seton-Karr, 1908, (p. 26 and 26-7).
(^14) Buxton, E. N., 1902, (p. 115, 116).
(^15) Stevenson Hamilton, 1907, (p. 54)
(^16) Minutes of proceedings at a deputation from the
Society for the Preservation of the Fauna of the Empire
to the Right Hon. Alfred Lyttelton (His Majesty’s
Secretary for the Colonies), 2 February 1905 Journal
SPWFE1905 (2): 9-18 (p. 12)
(^17) Extract from letter 28 August 1909, Journal SPWFE
1909, p. 29.
(^18) Nash, 1973; Schama, 1995; Cronon, 1995; Adams,
2003
(^19) Dunlap, 1999; Langton, 2003
(^20) Adams, 2004
(^21) James Murombedzi ‘Pre-colonial and colonial conserva-
tion practices in southern Africa and their legacy today’,
(http://www.iucn.org/themes/ceesp/Wkg_grp/TILCEPA/
community.htm)
(^22) Jacoby, 2002;,Neumann, 1998.
(^23) Croll and Parkin, 1992.
(^24) Burnett and wa Katg’ethe, 1994.
(^25) Hingston, 1931 (p. 404). The word ’native’ here is used
to reflect the language used in contemporary docu-
ments rather than contemporary practice.
(^26) Richard Jeffries, 1978 The Amateur Poacher, Oxford
University Press, Oxford (first published 1948; Jefferies
died in 1897); John Buchan (1925) John Macnab,
Hodder and Stoughton, London.
(^27) Buxton, 1902, (p. 139)
(^28) Minutes of proceedings at a deputation from the
Society for the Preservation of the Fauna of the Empire
to the Right Hon. Alfred Lyttelton (His Majesty’s
Secretary for the Colonies), 2 February 1905 Journal
SPWFEJournal 1905 (2): 9-18 (p. 12).
(^29) General Meeting SPFE London Zoo, 15 October 1928,
Journal SPFE1929: 5-12 (p.9)
(^30) C.W.Hobley, 1937 The conservation of wild life: retro-
spect and prospect, Part I, Journal SPFE 32: 38-44, (p.
39).
(^31) Vice Chairman of SPFE to AGM 27 February 1931,
Journal SPFE 13: 5-11, p. 6.
(^32) Seton-Karr, 1908 (p.27).
(^33) Hingston, 1931, (p. 404).
(^34) Journal SPWFE, 1905, pp. 12-13
(^35) Minutes of proceedings at a deputation from the
Society for the Preservation of the Fauna of the Empire
to the Right Hon. Alfred Lyttelton (His Majesty’s
Secretary for the Colonies), 2 February 1905 Journal
SPWFE2: 9-18 (p. 17).
(^36) Sir Alfred Sharpe (1905) ‘Slaughter by natives’, Journal
SPWFE2: 19.
(^37) ‘Extract from a letter from a correspondent at
Barberton in South Africa, Journal SPWFE1903 Volume
1, Item 5, p. 40-1 (p. 41).
(^38) Deputation to the Secretary of State for the Colonies 5
March 1930, Journal SPFE1930: 11-16, (p. 13).
(^39) W. T.Hornaday (24 March 1909, letter to Rhys Williams,
Journal SPWFE5 (1909): 56-8, (p. 57)
(^40) Mervyn Cowie (1955) ‘Preserve or Destroy?’, Oryx3: 9-
11 (p. 11).
(^41) Adams (2004)
(^42) For example Bernard and Michael Grzimek (1960)
Serengeti Shall Not Die, Hamish Hamilton, London, and
John Gordon Davis Operation Rhino, Michael Joseph,
London, 1972.
(^43) Western, Wright and Strum 1994, Ghimire and Pimbert
1996, Hulme and Murphree 2001
(^44) Poirier and Ostergren (2002).
(^45) Langton (2003).
(^46) Berg, Fenge and Dearden (1993).
(^47) Barrow Gichohi and Infield, 2001).
(^48) http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/susg/timeline.html
(^49) Hutton and Leader-Williams, 2003.
(^50) Hulme and Murphree, 1999.
(^51) Poirier and Ostergren, 2002, Cernea and Schmidt-
Soltau 2003, Brockington 2002, Neumann 1998.
(^52) Roe, 1991; Leach and Mearns. 1996; Adams and
Hulme 2001.
(^53) Roe et al.2003,
(^54) Wilhusen et al. 2002
(^55) Robinson, 2001.
(^56) Kramer, Schaik and Johnson, 1997; Brandon, Redford
and Sanderson, 1998;Terborgh 1999).