Figure 59: Magnetic behavior of molecules and ions with closed electron shell configuration. The blue
line is the expected behavior for diamagnets.
are called radicals in chemistry. Those molecules are not charged but very reactive in order to get the
stable closed shell configuration.
When there are many electrons,
〈
r^2〉
can be substituted byZ^2 a^2 (with Z = number of valence electrons
and a = ionic radius). Then it is possible to write the magnetic susceptibility as
χdia=−μ 0N
V
e^2 Bz
6 m
Z^2 a^2.Fig. 59 shows the magnetic response for some molecules and ions with closed shell configuration, where
the blue line is the expected behavior for diamagnetism, calculated with the formula above.