Manual of Clinical Nutrition

Nutrition Management During Pregnancy and Lactation

Manual of Clinical Nutrition Management A- 21 Copyright © 2013 Compass Group, Inc.

Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.

14. Food and Drug Administration. Vitamin A and birth defects [press release]. October 6, 1995.


15. Institute of Medicine. Nutrition During Pregnancy. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1990:19.


16. Higdon JV, Frei B. Coffee and health: a review of recent human research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2006; 46:101-123.


17. Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, Clemens JD, Wilkins DG. Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk
    of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1639-1644.


18. CARE Study Group. Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of fetal growth restriction: a large prospective
    observational study. BMJ. 2008;337:a2332.


19. Suitor CW. Nutrition for woman in their childbearing years: a review of the literature and summary of expert recommendations.
    Nutr Clin Care. 1999;2:11-45.


20. Middleton SJ, Dwyer J, Peters JC. An indirect means of assessing potential nutritional effects of dietary olestra in healthy subgroups
    of the general population. J Nutr. 1997;127(suppl 8):17105-17185.


21. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 ;1 12 : 739 -
    758.


22. Institute of Medicine. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Recommended Guidelines for the Prevention, Detection, and Management Among US
    Children and Women of Childbearing Age. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1993.


23. Jewell D, Young D. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;4:CD000145.


24. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy. Washington, DC: American College of
    Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2004. Practice Bulletin No. 52.


25. Hyperemesis gravidarum. In: Nutrition Care Manual. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; 2004. Available at:
    http://www.nutritioncaremanual.org. Accessed January 25, 2009.


26. Ismail SK, Kenny L. Review on hyperemesis gravidarum. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;21:755-769.


27. Position of the American Dietetic Association and American Society for Nutrition: Obesity, Reproduction, and Pregnancy Outcomes.
    J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:918-927.


28. Viswanathan M, Siega-Riz AM, Moos MK, Deierlein A, Mumford S, Knaack J, Thieda P, Lux LJ, Lohr KN. Outcomes of Maternal Weight
    Gain, Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 168 (Prepared by RTI International-University of North Carolina Evidence-based
    Practice Center under contract No. 290- 02 - 0016.) Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2008. AHRQ Pub No.
    08 - E-09.


29. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 33. Diagnosis and management of preeclampsia
    and eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99:159-167.


30. Hofmeyr GJ, Atallah AN, Duley L. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related
    problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD001059.


31. Makrides M, Duley L, Olsen SF. Marine oil, and other prostaglandin precursor, supplementation for pregnancy uncomplicated by
    pre-eclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD003402.


32. Position of the American Dietetic Association: Promoting and supporting breastfeeding. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:1926-1942.