Hypertension
Manual of Clinical Nutrition Management III- 68 Copyright © 2013 Compass Group, Inc.
Table III- 18 : DASH Eating Plan–Number of Servings for Other Energy Levels
Food Group Servings per day for the
1,600 kcal DASH Eating Plan
Servings per day for the
3,100 kcal DASH Eating Plan
Grains and grain products Six 12 to 13
Vegetables Three to four Six
Fruits Four Six
Low-fat or fat-free dairy foods Two to three Three to four
Meats, poultry, and fish One to two Two to three
Nuts, seeds, and dry beans Three per week One
Fats and oils Two Four
Sweets One Two
*The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has assigned grades, ranging from Grade I (good/strong) to Grade V (insufficient evidence), to
evidence and conclusion statements. The grading system is described in Section III: Clinical Nutrition Management A Reference Guide,
page III-1.
References
- Hajjar I, Kotchen TA. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988-2000.
JAMA. 2003;290:199-206. - Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ, the
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on
Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206-1252. - Vasan RS, Beiser A, Seshadri S, Larson MG, Kannel WB, D’Agostino RB, Levy D, [for the Framingham Heart Study. Residual lifetime
risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 2002;287:1003-1010. - Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R, for the Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood
pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;
360:1903-1913. - Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Evans JC, O’Donnell CJ, Kannel WB, Levy D. Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of
cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1291-1297. - JNC 7 Express: The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood
Pressure. Bethesda, Md: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2003. NIH Publication No. 03-5233. - World Hypertension League. Measuring your blood pressure. Available at: http://www.mco.edu/org/whl/bloodpre.html.
Accessed April 1, 2003. - Whelton PK, He J, Appel LJ, Cutler JA, Havas S, Kotchen TA, Roccella EJ, Stout R, Vallbona C, Winston MC, Karimbakas J, for the
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and
public health advisory from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. JAMA. 2002;288:1882-1888. - Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in obesity among U.S. adults, 1999-2000. JAMA.
2002;288:1723-1727. - US Dept of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Ga: US Dept of Health
and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion; 1996. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/sgr/contents.htm. - Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention. Five a day surveillance: behavioral risk factor surveillance system online prevalence data, 1995-2000.
Available at: http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/5ADaySurveillance/. Accessed November 2003. - Hypertension Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guideline. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library. Academy
of Nutrition and Dietetics; 2008. Available at: http://www.andevidencelibrary.com. Accessed February 2013. - Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, Obarzanek E, Conlin PR, Miller ER 3rd, Simons-Morton DG, Karanja
N, Lin PH, for the DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary
Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344:3-10. - Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group. Effects of weight loss and sodium reduction intervention on blood
pressure and hypertension incidence in overweight people with high-normal blood pressure. The Trials of Hypertension
Prevention, phase II. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:657-667. - He J, Whelton PK, Appel LJ, Charleston J, Klag MJ. Long-term effects of weight loss and dietary sodium reduction on incidence of
hypertension. Hypertension. 2000;35:544-549. - Ernst N, Obarzanek E, Clark MB, Briefel R, Brown C, Donato K. Cardiovascular health risks related to overweight. J Am Diet Assoc.
1997;97:S47-S51. - Alderman MH. Non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension. Lancet. 1994;344:307-311.
- Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X, He J. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann
Intern Med. 2002;136:493-503. - Vollmer WM, Sacks FM, Ard J, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Simons-Morton DG, Conlin PR, Svetkey LP, Erlinger TP, Moore TJ, Karanja N, for the
DASH-Sodium Trial Collaborative Research Group. Effects of diet and sodium intake on blood pressure: subgroup analysis of the
DASH-sodium trial. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:1019-1028. - Chobanian AV, Hill M. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop on Sodium and Blood Pressure: a critical review of
current scientific evidence. Hypertension. 2000;35:858-863. - Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010. Available at:
http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2010/PolicyDoc/PolicyDoc.pdf. Accessed Jan 31, 2011. - Sacks F, Willett WC, Smith A, Brown L, Rosner B, Moore T. Effect on blood pressure of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in
women with low habitual intake. Hypertension. 1998;31:131-138.