Manual of Clinical Nutrition

Nutrition Management of Fluid Intake and Hydration

Manual of Clinical Nutrition Management A- 35 Copyright © 2013 Compass Group, Inc.

lack the ability to recognize thirst, have aged kidneys that may have a decreased ability to concentrate urine,
fear urinary incontinence and thus do not drink sufficient fluids, have acute or chronic illnesses that alter
fluid and electrolyte balance ( 10 ). For a discussion of calculation of free water in tube feeding, refer to Section
IB: Enteral Nutrition.

Fluid Restriction
In heart failure, ascites, end-stage renal disease, and other disorders, patients retain fluid. A fluid restriction
is often useful in the management of these conditions. Refer to Section III: Clinical Nutrition Management
(Heart Failure and Medical Nutrition Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease).

*The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has assigned grades, ranging from Grade I (good/strong) to Grade V (insufficient evidence), to
evidence and conclusion statements. The grading system is described in Section III: Clinical Nutrition Management A Reference Guide,
page III-1.

References

1. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes: Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, D. C: National
   Academy Press; 2004.


2. Hydration Evidence-Analysis Project. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library. Academy of Nutrition and
   Dietetics; 2007. Available at: http://www.andevidencelibrary.com. Accessed November 13, 2012.


3. Pediatric Nutrition Care Manual. Updated Annually. Chicago: Il: The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; May, 2012.


4. Chidester JC, Spangler AA. Fluid intake in the institutionalized elderly. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97:23-28.


5. Malone A, Seres D, Lord L. Complications of Enteral Nutrition (see Fluid Requirements p. 230). In: Mueller CM (ed). The A.S.P.E.N.
   Adult Nutrition Support Core Curriculum. 2nd ed. Silver Spring, MD: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; 2012.


6. Dolan JT. Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology and pathophysiology. In: Dolan JT, ed. Critical Care Nursing. Philadelphia, Pa: FA Davis
   Co.; 1991:434.


7. Ayello EA, Thomas Dr, Litchford MA. Nutrition aspects of wound healing. Home Healthc Nurse. 1999;17:719-729.


8. Breslow RA. Nutrition and air-fluidized beds: a literature review. Adv Wound Care. 1994;3:57-60.


9. Lysen L. Quick Reference to Clinical Dietetics. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers; 1997.


10. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Food and nutrition for older adults: promoting health and wellness. J Acad Nutr
    Diet. 2012; 112:1255-1277.