Manual of Clinical Nutrition

Nutrition Care Outcomes and Interventions in Chronic Kidney Disease

Manual of Clinical Nutrition Management III- 118 Copyright © 2013 Compass Group, Inc.

III. Other Parameters
Parameter Goal Approaches
Altered taste sensation Explore seasoning alternatives, as salt
substitutes are contraindicated; problem may
resolve as blood urea nitrogen normalizes.

aBiochemical reference ranges vary based on the institution and the analytical methods used by the individual laboratory.

bSuggested goals for dialysis are based on CKD stage 5(maintenance dialysis); goals may vary for stages 1- 5 (1-3).

cK/DOQI, kidney disease outcomes quality initiative

dKt/V, clearance of the dialyzer  time/volume; URR, urea reduction rate; CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; nPNA,

normalized protein nitrogen appearance.

See Section 1G: “Medical Nutrition Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease”.

*The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has assigned grades, ranging from Grade I (good/strong) to Grade V (insufficient evidence), to

evidence and conclusion statements. The grading system is described in Section III: Clinical Nutrition Management A Reference Guide,

page III-1.

References

1. Wiggins KL, ed. Guidelines for Nutrition Care of Renal Patients. Chicago, Ill: American Dietetic Association; 2002.


2. Kopple JD, Massry SG, eds. Nutrition Management of Renal Disease. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
   2004.


3. Chronic kidney disease. In: Nutrition Care Manual. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; Updated annually. Available at:
   http://www.nutritioncaremanual.org. Accessed February 4, 2013.


4. Critical Illness Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guideline. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library.
   Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; 2012. Available at: http://www.andevidencelibrary.com. Accessed February 4, 2013..


5. Diabetes care in the hospital. In: Executive Summary: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes- 2013. Diabetes Care. 2013;36
   (suppl 1): S45-S49.


6. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease.
   Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(suppl 3): S1-S201.


7. Moe SA. Calcium and Phosphorus Balance in ESRD: Implications and Management. Cambridge, Mass: Genzyme Corp; 2001.


8. NKF-DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure—Quick Reference Clinical Handbook.
   New York, NY: National Renal Foundation; 1998.


9. Sherman RA, Cody RP, Rogers ME, Solanchick JC. Interdialytic weight gain and nutritional parameters in chronic hemodialysis
   patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 1995;25:579-583.


10. Hypertension Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guideline. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library.
    Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; 2008. Available at: http://www.andevidencelibrary.com. Accessed January 5, 2009.