the heir, Khafre (Chephren). She was buried in a small
pyramid beside Khufu’s Great PYRAMIDat GIZA. Her tomb
was listed in the INVENTORY STELA.
Henuttaneb(fl. 14th century B.C.E.) Royal woman of
the Eighteenth Dynasty
She was a daughter of AMENHOTEP III (r. 1391–1353
B.C.E.) and Queen TIYE(1). Henuttaneb is identified on a
limestone relief celebrating Amenhotep III’s HEB-SEDfesti-
val. Her name also appears on ceramic vessels in tombs in
the VALLEY OF THE KINGSat THEBES.
Henuttawy (Duathathor Hennuttawy)(fl. 11th cen-
tury B.C.E.) Royal woman of the Twentieth and the Twenty-
first Dynasties
She was the wife of PINUDJEM(1), a priest of THEBES, and
the daughter of RAMESSES XI(r. 1100–1070 B.C.E.) and
Queen TANTAMUN(1). She was the mother of PSUSENNES I,
MASAHARTA, MA’ATKARÉ(1), MENKHEPERRESENB, and MUT-
NODJMET(2). Henuttawy is famous because of her mum-
mified face, which was overpacked during embalming.
Her limbs were also packed and enlarged. The face of
Henuttawy’s mummy was recently restored to normal
size. A form of butter, soda, and sawdust was used in the
first embalming process. Her mummy was in the DEIR EL-
BAHRIcache, discovered in 1881, and her original mirror
box was discovered in her mummy wrappings.
Hepdjefau(fl. 19th century B.C.E.) Nobleman and reli-
gious leader of the Twelfth Dynasty (1991–1783 B.C.E.)
He was called the “Superior of Priests” and probably
served several pharaohs of that dynasty. Hepdjefau is also
known for his personal funerary contracts, which
arranged for priests to offer food and prayers to him in
his tomb on the first day of every season and on a special
feast of OSIRIS, the 18th day of the first month of the year.
Heptet An ancient goddess associated with the cult of
OSIRISthroughout all periods of Egyptian history, Heptet
was revered as one of the cow nurses attending Osiris
during reenactments of his resurrection. Heptet was often
pictured as a woman with the head of a bearded snake.
She was also part of the cult of the goddess HATHOR.
Hepu(fl. 14th century B.C.E.) Vizier of the Eighteenth
Dynasty
He served TUTHMOSIS IV (r. 1401–1391 B.C.E.). Hepu’s
tomb in THEBESis noted for the relief containing the text
called the INSTALLATION OF THE VIZIER.
Hepzefa(fl. 20th century B.C.E.)Official of the Twelfth
Dynasty and a nomarch of the province of Assiut
He served SENWOSRET I(r. 1971–1926 B.C.E.) as a regional
supporter. Hepzefa’s tomb at ASSIUTcontains a mortuary
contract concerning the continuance of cultic rituals. His
wife was Princess SENNUWY, who was immortalized by a
beautiful statue found in a fort in KERMEH, NUBIA(mod-
ern Sudan), and now in the Museum of Fine Arts in
Boston.Herakleopolis Magna (Ihnasiyah el-Medineh, Nen-
nesut, Nenen-nesut, Ninsu) A site south of MEIDUM
at the entrance to the FAIYUM, now Ihnasiyah el-Medineh,
originally called Nen-nesut, Nenen-nesut, or Ninsu by the
Egyptians, Herakleopolis was the capital of the twentieth
nome of Upper Egypt and the cult center for HARSAPHES
(Her-shef). The site was settled as early as the First
Dynasty (2920–2770 B.C.E.) but rose to prominence in the
First Intermediate Period (2134–2040 B.C.E.). The name
Herakleopolis Magna was bestowed upon the site by the
rulers of the Ptolemaic Period (304–30 B.C.E.). In the First
Intermediate Period, Herakleopolis was the home of the
KHETY (Aktoy) clan. During the Khety period of rule
(2134–2040 B.C.E.), a canal linked Herakleopolis Magna
to Memphis. Montuhotep II attacked the site in 2040
B.C.E. when he started his campaign to reunite Egypt.
The temple of Harsaphes, a ram-headed deity, was
restored at Herakleopolis Magna by RAMESSES II (r.
1290–1224 B.C.E.). A granite triad of Ramesses II, PTAH,
and Harsaphes was also erected in Herakleopolis Magna.
An Old Kingdom (2575–2134 B.C.E.) shrine and a
necropolis, GEBEL EL-SIDMANT, are on the site.Herihor(fl. 11th century B.C.E.)High Priest of Amun at
Thebes, who usurped pharaonic powers
He began his career in the reign of RAMESSES XI
(1100–1070 B.C.E.). Possibly of Libyan descent, Herihor
served as a general and as the VICEROYof Kush after being
sent to THEBESto put down rebellions there. He ousted
the local high priest, RAMESSESNAKHT, and the viceroy,
PIANKHI(2) and then assumed their offices himself. He
married NODJMET. Assuming pharaonic titles and dress,
Herihor ruled in Thebes, while SMENDESadministered the
northern territories for the reclusive Ramesses XI. Both
he and Nodjmet used CARTOUCHES on their funerary
regalia, and Herihor was depicted in a relief in KARNAK’s
temple of Khonsu. Elsewhere he was portrayed wearing
the double crowns of Egypt. A statue of him and one of
his commemorative stelae also survived. Herihor was the
official who sent WENAMUN on his misadventures in
Syria. Herihor preceded Ramesses XI in death. Smendes,
starting the Twenty-first Dynasty (1070–945 B.C.E.), suc-
ceeded Ramesses XI in the north, but the Theban priests
maintained their powers.Heri-hor-Amun A city on the western shore of THEBES,
called “My Face Is Upon Amun,” the site was the south-
ern boundary of the Theban NOMEat one time but van-
ished over the centuries.166 Henuttaneb