A temple that was dedicated to the cults of the deities
SEKHMETand HATHORwas erected at Imu by SENWOSRET I
(r. 1971–1926 B.C.E.). A rectangular structure, the temple
also contained statues of AMENEMHET III(r. 1844–1797
B.C.E.) and RAMESSES II(r. 1290–1224 B.C.E.), installed in
later dynasties. Imu became the capital of the third nome
of Lower Egypt. The necropolis associated with the site
contains tombs from the First Intermediate Period
(2134–2040 B.C.E.) to the New Kingdom (1550–1070
B.C.E.).
Inaros(fl. fifth century B.C.E.)Egyptian rebel in the Per-
sian Period
Inaros was from the southwestern Delta, possibly the son
of a commoner named Psammetichus. He is also listed as
a prince of HELIOPOLIS, the son of PSAMMETICHUS III.
Inaros established his headquarters near modern ALEXAN-
DRIAand rebelled against the rule of ARTAXERXES I (r.
465–424 B.C.E.), a Persian of the royal Achaemenid line.
He clashed with Persian forces at Papremis, a site in the
northwestern Delta. Achaemenes, a prince and the
brother of the Persian king, XERXES I, was slain in the bat-
tle, and the Persians were forced to retreat to MEMPHIS.
The Persian general MEGABYZUSwas sent to put down
the revolt as a result of this defeat, and Inaros and his
companions were driven to an island in the Nile marshes.
Inaros was betrayed by a fellow rebel and was captured.
The queen mother, Amastris, of Persia demanded his
crucifixion, despite the arguments from General Mega-
byzus, who had given Inaros a pledge of safety. Inaros
was crucified in 454 B.C.E. His ally, however, an Egyptian
named AMYRTAIOS(1), remained undefeated in the Delta.
Another AMYRTAIOS (2) founded the Twenty-eighth
Dynasty in 404 B.C.E.
incense An important material for religious and royal
rites in Egypt, called senetjer, several types of incense
were used in rituals in the temples and at royal cult cele-
brations. Myrrh, a red form of incense imported from
PUNT, was considered the most sacred and was used for
the most solemn of rituals. Frankincense, or olibanum,
was also favored. Incense was a purifying element in all
of the Egyptian observances and was the substance used
to bestow honor upon the gods and the dead or living
rulers. Myrrh incense was offered in the temples at noon.
At sunset the compound called kyphiwas used. The pel-
lets of the chosen resins were put in a bronze censer pan
with a long wooden handle. A pottery bowl heated with
charcoal was used to burn the incense and the sanctuary
was perfumed.
Ineni(fl. 15th century B.C.E.)Overseer of the granary of
Amun and an architect of the Eighteenth Dynasty
Ineni served TUTHMOSIS I(r. 1504–1492 B.C.E.) and con-
tinued in the court through the reign of HATSHEPSUT
(1473–1458 B.C.E.). He may have entered service at the
court of THEBES, in the reign of Amenhotep I (1524–1504
B.C.E.). Ineni was one of the most revered architects of his
age, supervising various projects at KARNAK.
He built the original tombs, one large, one small, of
Tuthmosis I and transported and erected OBELISKSfor that
ruler. As overseer of the Granary of AMUN, Ineni erected a
protective wall around the deity’s Theban shrine. PYLONS
were added, as well as doors made of copper and gold.
Ineni also designed flagstaffs, called senutby the Egyp-
tians, at Karnak. These flagstaffs were fashioned out of
cedar and electrum.
An aristocrat of his nome, Ineni was buried in an
elaborate tomb at KHOKHAon the western shore of THEBES
with his wife, Ah’hotep. This tomb contained paintings
and vivid reliefs of funerary rituals and everyday life.
Statues of Ineni and his family are in the tomb. He is
believed to have died during the reign of TUTHMOSIS III
(1479–1425 B.C.E.).Inhapi(fl. 21st century B.C.E.) Royal woman of the
Eleventh Dynasty
She was a lesser consort of MONTUHOTEP II(r. 2061–2010
B.C.E.) who was buried in a shaft at the southern end of
DEIR EL-BAHRIin the great complex on the western shore
of THEBES. Queen Inhapi’s tomb is listed in some accounts
as containing the cache of royal mummies that was trans-
ferred there when their original tombs were found plun-
dered. The royal remains discovered on the site in 1881
include those of Sekenenré TA’OII, ’AHMOSE, TUTHMOSIS I,
II, and III, SETI I, RAMESSES II,III, and IX, PINUDJEM Iand II,
and SIAMUN(1). This collection is called the Deir el-Bahri
cache.
See also MUMMY CACHES.Ini See SHEPSESKARÉ.Installation of the Vizier A text discovered in the
tomb of REKHMIRÉ, serving TUTHMOSIS III(r. 1479–1425
B.C.E.), another version was found in the tomb of User-
man, Rekhmiré’s uncle, and yet another in the chambers
of the tomb of Hepu, who served TUTHMOSIS IV (r.
1401–1391 B.C.E.). Other viziers, such as PASER(2) serv-
ing RAMESSES II(r. 1290–1224 B.C.E.), used parts of the
text for their own mortuary reliefs.
In each text, the vizier was admonished sternly by
the ruler that he had served to perform the prescribed
duties with honor. The ceremony probably dates to the
Middle Kingdom (2040–1640 B.C.E.), possibly in the
reign of Senwosret III (1878–1841 B.C.E.).
A similar text, the Duties of the Vizier,was also dis-
played in Rekhmiré’s tomb, a detailed itemization of pro-
tocol, attitudes, and demands on viziers. All such officials
were deemed responsible for the agents and representa-
tives conducting government affairs in their terms ofInstallation of the Vizier 179