ioned out of granite and quartz. Neferhent was the
mother of SIT-HATHOR YUNET.
Neferhent (2)(fl. 19th century B.C.E.)Royal woman of
the Twelfth Dynasty
She was a consort of SENWOSRET III(r. 1878–1841 B.C.E.)
but was not the mother of the heir. Neferhent was buried
in DASHURin a MASTABAtomb in the vast royal complex of
the reign.
Neferhetepes (1)(fl. 26th century B.C.E.) Royal woman
of the Fourth Dynasty
She was the daughter of RA’DJEDEF(r. 2528–2520 B.C.E.)
and possibly Queen HETEPHERES (2). Neferhetepes is
believed to have been the mother of USERKHAF, the
founder of the Fifth Dynasty. A beautiful bust of Nefer-
hetepes is in the Louvre in Paris. She is recorded as hav-
ing married a priest of Ré, “the Lord of Sokhebu,” near
ABU ROWASH. Neferhetepes was mentioned in the WEST-
CAR PAPYRUS. She was called “the King’s Daughter of His
Body, Prophetess of Ra’djedef.”
Neferhetepes (2)(fl. 25th century B.C.E.) Royal woman
of the Fifth Dynasty
The daughter of KAKAI(Neferirkaré; r. 2446–2426 B.C.E.),
she married an official named Ti. Neferhetepes’s sons
were allowed to inherit the rank of prince, despite their
commoner father.
Neferhetepes (3)(fl. 25th century B.C.E.) Royal woman
of the Fifth Dynasty
She was a consort of USERKHAF(r. 2465–2458 B.C.E.) and
probably his sister. Neferhetepes was possibly the mother
of SAHURÉ. A tomb inscription depicts Neferhetepes as
receiving offerings from the temple of PTAH.
Nefer-Hor He was an ancient form of the god PTAH,
worshiped in MEMPHISand honored as “the Fair of Face.”
The name was associated with certain cultic rituals of
other deities in later times.
Nefer-Horen-Ptah(fl. 24th century B.C.E.)Official of
the Fifth Dynasty whose tomb has become famous because of
its paintings
He was buried in a small rock-cut site below the cause-
The burial complex of Khafré (Chephren) at Giza
in SAQQARA. Called the TOMBOFTHE BIRDS, Nefer-Horen-
Ptah’s resting place was never completed or used. The
structure, however, contains magnificent friezes depict-
ing the capture and caging of the wild birds of the Nile
Valley.
Neferhotep (1)(fl. c. 18th century B.C.E.)Noted
harpist in the late Twelfth or Thirteenth Dynasty
Neferhotep’s life and ability were memorialized on a small
but beautifully carved mortuary stela that was donated by
a friend, Nebsumenu. The stela was discovered in the
tomb of a powerful courtier, Iki. Neferhotep is described
on the monument as “True of Voice, Born of the House-
wife Henu.” The funerary monument depicts Neferhotep
as a rather stout harpist enjoying bread, beer, meat and
fowls, alabaster, and linen, all anticipated aspects of life
beyond the grave.
See also MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.Neferhotep (2)(fl. 14th century B.C.E.) Official of the
Eighteenth Dynasty
He served both AYA (2) (r. 1323–1319 B.C.E.) and
HOREMHAB(r. 1319–1307 B.C.E.) as the chief scribe of
AMUNand superintendent of the royal domain. Nefer-
hotep’s tomb near DEIR EL-BAHRIon the western shore of
THEBES is magnificently decorated and contains com-
pelling images. He is greeted there as one “intent upon
eternity, as you go to the land where all is changed.”Neferhotep (3)(fl. 13th century B.C.E.) Official of arti-
sans at Deir el-Medina in the Nineteenth Dynasty
Neferhotep was the chief workman at DEIR EL-MEDINAon
the western shore of Thebes, in the reign of AMENMESSES,
who usurped the throne in the reign of SETI II (r.
1214–1204 B.C.E.). Deir el-Medina was a community ded-
icated to providing the necropolis called the VALLEY OF
THE KINGSwith skilled artisans and craftsmen. During
this period, the community was led by Neferhotep and
prospered until his son, Paneb, threatened him.
Unable to control his son, who had some power in
the court of Amenmesses, Neferhotep went before Vizier
Amenmose, who judged the case. As a result, Amenmose
was removed from office, and Paneb was given Nefer-
hotep’s position as chief worker at Deir el-Medina by
Amenmesses. Paneb raped, stole, and took bribes until
Amenmesses died and Seti II was restored to the throne.
Paneb was then dismissed from Deir el-Medina.Neferhotep I (Kha’sekhemré)(d. c. 1730 B.C.E.) Ruler
of the Thirteenth Dynasty
He reigned from c. 1741 B.C.E. until his death or possible
retirement. Neferhotep I was the son of one Ha’ankhaf
and the Lady Kemi. His father is portrayed in an ASWAN
rock inscription as a priest, and his mother is described
as “royal.” Neferhotep I’s consort was Queen SENEBSEN.
He was the brother of SOBEKHOTEP IVand SAHATHOR(1).
His cartouche was discovered in BYBLOS, modern
Lebanon, and Prince Yantin of that city was a vassal of
Egypt.
Neferhotep I ruled the entire Delta region, with the
exception of XOISand the HYKSOSterritories of AVARIS. An
Aswan inscription describes Neferhotep’s search for a
proper stone for a statue of OSIRIS. Such a statue wasNeferhotep I 2 67