Microsoft Word - Cengel and Boles TOC _2-03-05_.doc

device as a PMM2, since it works on a cycle and does a net amount of work while exchanging heat with a single reservoir (the fur ...

6–6 ■ REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES The second law of thermodynamics states that no heat engine can have an efficiency o ...

approach it. The more closely we approximate a reversible process, the more work delivered by a work-producing device or the les ...

this process and recover that lost power, even though doing so would not violate the conservation of energy principle. Another e ...

and when the process is reversed, the system passes through exactly the same equilibrium states while returning to its initial s ...

that is, by using reversible processes. Therefore, it is no surprise that the most efficient cycles are reversible cycles, that ...

heat transfer process. It continues until the piston reaches state 4. The amount of heat rejected from the gas during this proce ...

We can draw valuable conclusions from these statements. Two conclusions pertain to the thermal efficiency of reversible and irre ...

while exchanging heat with a single reservoir—a violation of the Kelvin– Planck statement of the second law. Therefore, our init ...

have the same efficiency as engine C. Since the heat input to engine C is the same as the heat input to the combined engines A a ...

Weights and Measures held in 1954, the triple point of water (the state at which all three phases of water exist in equilibrium) ...

Most work-producing devices (heat engines) in operation today have effi- ciencies under 40 percent, which appear low relative to ...

The Quality of Energy The Carnot heat engine in Example 6–5 receives heat from a source at 925 K and converts 67.2 percent of it ...

Quantity versus Quality in Daily Life At times of energy crisis, we are bombarded with speeches and articles on how to “conserve ...

It is tempting to judge things on the basis of their quantityinstead of their qualitysince assessing quality is much more diffic ...

The coefficients of performance of actual and reversible refrigerators operating between the same temperature limits can be comp ...

Chapter 6 | 311 Solution A heat pump maintains a house at a constant temperature. The required minimum power input to the heat p ...

312 | Thermodynamics efficient, and they have found limited use in some specialized applications (Table 6–1). A household refrig ...

Chapter 6 | 313 consumed by the refrigerator can be minimized by practicing good conserva- tion measuresas discussed below. 1.Op ...

below recommended levels can increase the energy use by as much as 25 percent. 6.Avoid excessive ice build-upon the interior sur ...