Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS

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very science has a unique vocabulary associated with
it, and thermodynamics is no exception. Precise defini-
tion of basic concepts forms a sound foundation for
the development of a science and prevents possible misun-
derstandings. We start this chapter with an overview of ther-
modynamics and the unit systems, and continue with a
discussion of some basic concepts such as system, state,
state postulate, equilibrium, and process. We also discuss
temperatureand temperature scaleswith particular emphasis
on the International Temperature Scale of 1990. We then pre-
sent pressure,which is the normal force exerted by a fluid
per unit area and discuss absoluteand gagepressures, the
variation of pressure with depth, and pressure measurement
devices, such as manometers and barometers. Careful study
of these concepts is essential for a good understanding of the
topics in the following chapters. Finally, we present an intu-
itive systematic problem-solving techniquethat can be used
as a model in solving engineering problems.

Objectives

The objectives of Chapter 1 are to:

• Identify the unique vocabulary associated with
  thermodynamics through the precise definition of basic
  concepts to form a sound foundation for the development
  of the principles of thermodynamics.


• Review the metric SI and the English unit systems that will
  be used throughout the text.


• Explain the basic concepts of thermodynamics such
  as system, state, state postulate, equilibrium, process,
  and cycle.


• Review concepts of temperature, temperature scales,
  pressure, and absolute and gage pressure.


• Introduce an intuitive systematic problem-solving
  technique.