Glossary
to accompany
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 5th edition
by Yunus A. Çengel and Michael A. Boles9Combustion efficiency is defined as the ratio of the amount of heat released during combustion
to the heating value of the fuel burned.
Complete combustion is a combustion process in which all the carbon in the fuel burns
to CO 2 , all the hydrogen burns to H 2 O, and all the sulfur (if any) burns to SO 2. That is, all
the combustible components of a fuel are burned to completion during a complete
combustion process.
Component pressure is the pressure a component in a gas mixture would have if it
existed alone at the volume and temperature of the mixture.
Component volume is the volume a component in a gas mixture would occupy if it
existed alone at the temperature and pressure of the mixture.
Compressed liquid has a pressure greater than the saturation pressure corresponding to
the temperature.
Compressed liquid region is all compressed liquid states located in the region to the left
of the saturated liquid line and below the critical temperature line. In the absence of
compressed liquid data, a general approximation is to treat compressed liquid as saturated
liquid at the given temperature.
Compressibility factor Z is a correction factor to account for deviation from ideal-gas
behavior at a given temperature and pressure. Z = Pv/RT.
Compressing flow is a flow that produces an oblique shock.
Compression-ignition (CI) engines are reciprocating engines in which the combustion
of the air–fuel mixture is self-ignited as a result of compressing the mixture above its
self-ignition temperature.
Compression ratio r of an engine is the ratio of the maximum volume formed in the
cylinder to the minimum (clearance) volume. Notice that the compression ratio is a
volume ratio and should not be confused with the pressure ratio.
Compressor is a device that increases the pressure of a gas to very high pressures
(typical pressure ratios are greater than 3).
Condenser is a heat exchanger in which the working fluid condenses as it rejects heat to
the surroundings. For example, in the condenser of a steam power plant steam leaving
the turbine as a vapor condenses to the saturated liquid state as the result of heat transfer
to a cooling medium such as the atmosphere or water from a lake or river.