THE Java™ Programming Language, Fourth Edition

without affecting the reference that was passed. But if you change any fields of the object or invoke methods that change the ob ...

halveIt so that the above code would modify the value of one, or so that commonName could change the variable sirius to null. Th ...

Even if an application doesn't require fields to be read-only, making fields private and adding methods to set and fetch them en ...

Exercise 2.13: Make the fields in your Vehicle class private, and add accessor methods for the fields. Which fields should have ...

The name and orbits fields are hidden from the constructor by the parameters of the same name. To access, for example, the name ...

element, or just a sequence with two elements? For example, the following shows extremely poor use of overloading: public static ...

[3] This function is part of the math library so there's no need to actually do this. static double tanh(double x) { return (Mat ...

2.10. The main Method Details of invoking an application vary from system to system, but whatever the details, you must always p ...

Other than being implemented in native code, native methods are like all other methods: they can be overloaded, overridden, fina ...

extenders of the class. Both of these contracts must be carefully designed. With class extension, inheritance of contract and in ...

the future without affecting clients of the class. Every class you have seen so far is an extended class, whether or not it is d ...

We first create a new ColorAttr class that extends the Attr class. The ColorAttr class does everything the Attr class does and a ...

This constructor passes the name and value up to the corresponding two-argument superclass constructor. It then invokes its own ...

3.2.1. Constructor Order Dependencies When an object is created, memory is allocated for all its fields, including those inherit ...

If you create an object of type Y and follow the construction step by step, here are the values of the fields after each step: S ...

3.3.1. Overriding In our new ColorAttr class we have both overridden and overloaded the instance method setValue: Overloading a ...

the superclass, because an instance of the subclass would not be usable in place of a superclass instance. The overriding method ...

sup.show(); ext.show(); System.out.println("sup.str = " + sup.str); System.out.println("ext.str = " + ext.str); } } There is onl ...

which are overridden, not hidden. Hiding fields is allowed because implementors of existing superclasses must be free to add new ...

protected String name() { return "More"; } protected void printName() { Base sref = (Base) this; System.out.println("this.name() ...