Encyclopedia of Sociology

(Marcin) #1
ANOMIE

Research Center (NORC) at the University of
Chicago. Examples of these items illustrate the
current uses of the concept, as in the following
anomia items from the 1988 NORC survey (re-
spondents were instructed to indicate the extent
of their agreement with each statement): ‘‘Most
public officials (people in public office) are not
really interested in the problems of the average
man,’’ and ‘‘It’s hardly fair to bring a child into the
world with the way things look for the future’’
(NORC 1988, pp. 215–216). (Nearly 40 percent of
the respondents to the second question agreed,
and 68 percent agreed with the first.)


IN SUMMARY

Anomie has been and will continue to be a main-
stay concept in sociology. Papers discussing the
meanings and uses of this concept continue to be
written (see, for example, Adler and Laufer 1995;
Bjarnason 1998; Deflem 1989; de Man and Labreche-
Gauthier 1993; Hackett 1994; Hilbert 1989; Menard
1995; Passas and Agnew 1997; Wolff 1988). The
basic meaning of the term anomie, though—both
in its initial usage as a description of society and in
its modern extensions—is well established and
widely understood within the discipline. Students
new to sociology should take care to understand
that the definitions of the word may not be as
broad for sociologists as for the general public.
The utility of the concept for the study of society is
best maintained by extending it in ways that are
consistent with its original definition.


REFERENCES


Adler, Freda, and William S. Laufer 1995 Advances in
Criminological Theory, vol. 6: The Legacy of Anomie.
New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction.


Agnew, Robert 1992 ‘‘Foundations For a General Strain
Theory of Crime and Delinquency.’’ Criminology
30:47–87.


——— 1985 ‘‘A Revised Strain Theory of Delinquency.’’
Social Forces 64:151–167.


———, and Nikos Passas 1997 Introduction. In Nikos
Passas and Robert Agnew, eds., The Future of Anomie
Theory, Boston: Northeastern University Press.


Bernard, Thomas J. 1987 ‘‘Testing Structural Strain
Theories.’’ Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquen-
cy 24:262–280.


Bjarnason, Thoroddur 1998 ‘‘Parents, Religion and Per-
ceived Social Coherence: A Durkheimian Frame-
work of Adolescent Anomie.’’ Journal for the Scientific
Study of Religion 37:742–755.
Cloward, Richard A., and Lloyd E. Ohlin 1960 Delin-
quency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs.
New York: Free Press.
Coser, Lewis A. 1977 Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas
in Historical and Social Context, 2nd ed. New York:
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Deflem, Mathiew 1989 ‘‘From Anomie to Anomia and
Anomic Depression: A Sociological Critique on the
Use of Anomie in Psychiatric Research.’’ Social Sci-
ence and Medicine 29:627–634.
de Man, A.F., and L. Labreche-Gauthier 1993 ‘‘Corre-
lates of Anomie in French-Canadian Adolescents.’’
Journal of Social Psychology 133:141–146.
Durkheim, Emile (1897) 1951 Suicide. New York: Free Press.
——— (1893) 1956 The Division of Labor in Society. New
York: Free Press.
Hackett, Edward J. 1994 ‘‘A Social Control Perspective
on Scientific Misconduct.’’ Journal of Higher Educa-
tion 65:242–261.
Hilbert, Richard A. 1989 ‘‘Durkheim and Merton on
Anomie: An Unexplored Contrast and Its Deriva-
tives.’’ Social Problems 36:242–250.
Hirschi, Travis 1969 Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Kornhauser, Ruth 1978 Social Sources of Delinquency.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kuhn, Thomas 1970 The Structure of Scientific Revolu-
tions, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Loftin, Colin, and Robert H. Hill 1974 ‘‘Regional Sub-
culture and Homicide.’’ American Sociological Review
39:714–724.
Menard, Scott 1995 ‘‘A Developmental Test of Mertonian
Anomie Theory.’’ Journal of Research in Crime and
Delinquency 32:136–175.
Merton, Robert K. 1997 Forward. In Nikos Passas and
Robert Agnew, eds., The Future of Anomie Theory.
Boston: Northeastern University Press.
——— 1949 Social Theory and Social Structure: Toward the
Codification of Theory and Research. New York: Free Press.
Messner, Steven F. 1988 ‘‘Merton’s ‘Social Structure
and Anomie’: The Road Not Taken.’’ Deviant Behav-
ior 9:33–53.
——— 1983 ‘‘Regional and Racial Effects on the Urban
Homicide Rate: The Subculture of Violence Revisit-
ed.’’ American Journal of Sociology 88:997–1007.
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