CLINICAL SOCIOLOGYsociologists emphasize clinical analysis. They have
a solid international network and have done an
excellent job of attracting nonsociologists to that
network. Their literature is substantial. Particular-
ly notable is the work of Jacques van Bockstaele
and Maria van Bockstaele; Robert Sevigny, Eugene
Enriquez, Vincent de Gaulejac, and Jacques Rheaume.
Beginning in the mid-1990’s, Italians hosted
clinical sociology conferences, published clinical
sociology books and articles and ran numerous
clinical sociology training workshops. If one is
interested in learning about clinical sociology in
Italy, one would want to review the work of
Michelina Tosi, Francesco Battisti, and Lucio
Luison. Luison’s 1998 book, Introduczione alla
Sociologia clinica (Introduction to Clinical Sociolo-
gy), contains thirteen articles written by Ameri-
cans. One is an original article written for the
volume but all the others are translations of arti-
cles that appeared in the Sociological Practice
Association’s Clinical Sociology Review or Sociologi-
cal Practice. The volume concludes with the Socio-
logical Practice Association’s code of ethics.
Clinical sociology also is found in other parts
of the world. Of particular interest would be devel-
opments in Greece, Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, and
South Africa. In South Africa, for instance, one
university’s sociology department has put a socio-
logical clinic in place and another sociology de-
partment has developed a graduate specialization
in counseling.
The international development of clinical so-
ciology has been supported primarily by two or-
ganizations. The clinical sociology division of the
International Sociological Association (ISA) was
organized in 1982 at the ISA World Congress in
Mexico City. The other major influence is the
clinical sociology section of the Association
internationale des Sociologues de Langue Francaise
(International Association of French Language
Sociologists).
It is clear that a global clinical sociology is
beginning to emerge. American clinical sociology
had a strong role in the early development of the
global specialization but now it is only one of many
influences. It will be interesting to see if the thrust
of the international field will be as explicitly hu-
manistic and intervention-oriented as American
clinical sociology.
REFERENCES
Bruhn, John G., and Howard M. Rebach 1996 Clinical
Sociology: An Agenda for Action. New York: Plenum.
Clark, Elizabeth J., Jan Marie Fritz, and P.P. Rieker (eds.)
1990 Clinical Sociological Perspectives on Illness & Loss:
The Linkage of Theory and Practice. Philadelphia: The
Charles Press.
Enriquez, Eugene 1997 ‘‘The Clinical Approach: Gene-
sis and Development in Western Europe.’’ Interna-
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——— 1992 ‘‘Remarques Terminales Vers une Sociologie
Clinique d’Inspiration Psychanalytique.’’ L’Organisation
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———, Gilles Houle, Jacques Rheaume, and Robert
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Fritz, Jan Marie (ed.) 1996 The Clinical Sociology Resource
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Fritz, Jan Marie 1991a ‘‘The History of American Clini-
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Fritz, Jan Marie 1991b ‘‘The Emergence of American
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Fritz, Jan Marie1985 The Clinical Sociology Handbook.
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Gaulejac, Vincent de and Shirley Roy (ed.), 1993 Sociologies
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Giorgino, Enzo 1998 ‘‘Per un Ridefinizione del Lavoro
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Glassner, Barry, and Jonathan A. Freedman 1979 Clini-
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Gouldner, Alvin 1965 ‘‘Explorations in Applied Social
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printed 1965 in Alvin Gouldner and S.M. Miller, eds.,
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Rebach, Howard M., and John G. Bruhn (eds.), 1991
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