558 sport-specific nutrition
Table 42.6Continued.
Performance
Dietary treatment Drinking regimen measure Results/comments Reference
A: Water 200 ml fluid at time 2-hour treadmill CHO solution Deuster et al. (1992)
B: 7% CHO solution: 0, 30, 60 and run at 60–65% abolished rise in
glucose polymer/ 90 min V
.
o2max. plasma cortisol and
fructose solution decreased exercise-
induced rise in FFA
A: Water 5 min prior to 60-min treadmill CHO ingestion Tsintzas et al. (1995)
B: 5.5% CHO– exercise: 8 ml · kg-^1 run at 70% resulted in muscle
electrolyte BM, then: 2 ml · kg-^1 V
.
o2max. glycogen sparing in
solution BM after 20, 40 min type I muscle fibres
A: Water 8 ml·kg-^1 BM CHO Run until A: 109.6±31.8 min Tsintzas et al. (1996)
B: 5.5% CHO solution ingested exhaustion B: 124.5±26.6 min§
solution prior to exercise, at 70% V
.
o2max.
C: 6.9% CHO then: 2 ml · kg-^1 BM C: 121.4±29.7 min
solution ingested at 20-min
intervals during
first hour;
thereafter, water
until exhaustion
A: Placebo 250 ml prior to Run until A: 92±27 min Wilber and Moffatt
B: 7% CHO solution exercise and 125 ml exhaustion B: 115±25 min§ (1992)
(glucose polymer/ at 15-min intervals at 80% V
.
o2max.
sucrose) during exercise
A: Placebo 200 ml 60 min before, Run until A: 39.45±11.19 min Sasaki et al. (1987)
B: Sucrose (81±18 g) 250 ml prior to the exhaustion B: 58.29±15.25 min||
C: Caffeine start, 250 ml after at 80% V
.
o2max. C: 53.02±9.16 min||
(384±13 mg) 45 min
D: Sucrose (72±22 g) D: 56 : 58±11:10min||
and caffeine
(396±29 mg)
A: No fluid 240 ml at 15, 30, 45, Run until A: 56.0±4.39 min Macaraeg (1983)
B: Water 60 and 75 min exhaustion B: 78.25±4.93 min¶
C: 5% CHO solution at 85% V
.
o2max. C: 102.3±7.28 min¶
(glucose polymer
and fructose)
A: Placebo 400 ml 30 min prior 40-km run in the A: 24.4±4.2 min Millard-Stafford
B: 7% CHO– to exercise and heat: 35 km B: 21.9±2.8 min** et al. (1992)
electrolyte drink 250 ml at 5-km training pace+
intervals during 5 km race pace
the run
- Not significant.
†B<A(P<0.01).
‡ Not significant overall; however, significant decrease in running speed (P<0.05) over last 10 km of trial A from
4.14±0.55 to 3.75±0.86 m · s-^1.
§B>A(P<0.05).
|| B, C, D>A(P<0.05).
¶ B, C>A(P<0.01).
** B<A(P<0.03).