3.2. FURTHER INFLECTIONS 109this state, rather than merely describing it. The reason for this is the fact
that a transitive verb is used as basis: a transitive verb (or active verb) de-
scribes an action being performed by something or someone. Thus, even
if the something or someone that performs the verb is left off, the fact that
a transitive verb was used is in itself enough to tell us that something or
someone must have performed it.
On the other hand, the resultant state that is created using the +
form does not imply this additional ”someone did it”, because it uses an
intransitive (or passive) verb instead, which merely passively describes the
current state of the world without any implications of how it might have
come to be this way:
”The window is (in an) opened (state)””The car is (in a) stopped (state).”One principal difference is that while + operates on transitive
verbs for resultant state, + operates on intransitive verbs. Another
difference is that while + can only be used to create a resultant state,
- can also be used to create the progressive verb form, as well as
indicate a habitual action. Both these forms can be made with either tran-
sitive or intransitive verbs:
”(I) am watching a movie right now. (transitive progressive)””(I) frequently read the newspaper. (transitive habitual act)””(The) window is opening. (intransitive progressive)””That door often creaks. (intransitive habitual)”To make sure there’s no mistakes possible: + / + can
both do resultant state, but they operate on transitive/intransitive respec-
tively: ”Aru, Transitive - Iru, Intransitive”. In addition to this, + can
also signify progressive state and habitual form of any verb.