3.2. FURTHER INFLECTIONS 137
As mentioned, the way these two helper verbs are added is identical
to the way ( ) is added:
verb causative
+ + + + + + + + +
verb causative
+
+
+
irregular causative
Again, we should take note that we use the correct particles, except
in this case we cannot rely on a parallel with English: the person doing the
causing is marked with , because they are the verb actor, the person(s)
affected are marked with , and the direct object is left as such (if there is
one):
”Their mother made the children eat breakfast.”
Some more examples:
”(I) made you wait, (didn’t I)?”
”(I) had (my younger) sister wake me up.”
In addition to being a causative, this construction is also a ”permis-