An introduction to Japanese - Syntax, Grammar & Language

(Joyce) #1

4.1. PREFIXES 153


When
is used, it expresses a noun negative, similar to the English
prefixes ”un-”, ”im-”, ”a-” or ”de-”. Examples of this prefix are:


impossible ”no possibility”
[economic) depression ”no business”
disobedience ”no obedience”
ignorance ”no knowledge”

When
is used, it expresses a non-existential, similar to ”non-”,
”not ...” or the terms ”without” or ”devoid of” in English. Examples of
this prefix are:


unsigned ”without signature”
invalid ”without validity”
atheism ”without deity”
unauthorized ”without permission”

Finally,
is used to indicate the equivalent of the English ”non-”.
Examples of this prefix are:


non-profit ”not commercial”
unrealistic ”not realistic”
emergency ”not usual”
incompatible ”not compatible”

4.1.3 Assorted prefixes


Aside from these four negating prefixes, there are also a few other com-
mon prefixes that you will encounter frequently enough to deserve at least
mention here, even if we don’t look at example words for each of them:

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