162 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES
Finally, we can do the most unnatural thing possible, and form a
’proper’ exhaustive list without any implied nouns or people:
”Ishida and Kimaru went to Tokyo.”I say unnatural, because if someone has already been established as
contextual subject or actor, you either leave them implied, or you mention
them as actual subject or actor.
Being able to tell whether a noun listing has any implied items is
rather simple: if it ends on , instead of on a noun, it has an implied item. It
doesn’t maĴer how long the noun list is for this; if it ends on , something’s
been left off:
”Ishida and Kimaru went to Tokyo.””Ishida, Kimaru and (me/you/him/her/it/us/them) went to Tokyo.”Of course this explanation so far has focussed on people, but the
same goes for plain old object nouns:
”(I/you/he/she/it/we/they) bought (it) along with (the) oranges.”So it doesn’t really maĴer what category the nouns are, as long
as you’re using for exhaustive listing, a full list is always of the form
[X] [Y]( [Z] [...]) and a list with an implied item is always of the form
[X] ([Y] [...] ), ending on.
However, there are more things that does, and some of these in-
volve a [noun] construction, so try to remember that just because an ex-
haustive listing with an implied item has the form [X] , not everything
that fits the paĴern [X] has to be such an exhaustive listing with implied
item. In fact, looking at further roles of this becomes immediately obvi-
ous.
In addition to noun listing, is used in combination with
,onomatopoeia, and
, mimeses, to form adverbial constructions. For