224 CHAPTER 4. PARTICLES
However, for the following example we need to use
instead of
:
”Everyone was playing games and stuff next to the pond.”(note that using stresses the location rather than the act in this
sentence)Here, since are of a category ”people”, and is of category
”pond”, there is no way can be used, since these two things aren’t even
remotely alike. In effect, can be thought of as not just meaning ”next to”
but having the added meaning ”next to the other [object category]”, while
only means ”beside” or ”next to”.
Compass directions
In addition to the obvious locations, there are four more that are usually
overlooked: the compass directions.
direction nounEast
South
West
North- ...side
This is not so much a conceptual noun as it is a suffix for several of the
nouns listed so far. Suffixed to various of these words, signifies ”side”,
so that means ”above”, but means ”the top side” (although it is
then pronounced ), means ”right”, but means ”the right
(hand) side”. The list of thusly modified nouns is: