180 THE CHEMISTRY OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- First Class Billets (or Vilayat Budh). Consists of thoroughly sound billets
weighing not less than 20 lb., and not exceeding 112 pieces to the ton. - Second Class Billets (or China Budh). Consists of slightly inferior billets weigh-
ing not less than 10 lb. , and not exceeding 224 pieces to the ton. - Third Class Billets (or Panjam). Consists of billets having small knots, cracks,
and hollows, weighing not less than 5 lb. , and not, exceeding 448 pieces to the
ton. - Clwtla (or billets of short length). Consists of short sound pieces, no limit as to
weight or number. - Chat Badala. Consists of billets with knots, cracks, and small hollows at either
end weighing not less than 10 lb., and not exceeding 240 pieces to the ton. - Bagaradad. Consists of solid pieces, without limit as regards dimensions, weight,
or number.
N B.—Billets of Classes 5 and 6 are not planed nor are their edges rounded off. - Roots (First Class). Consists of pieces weighing not less than 15 lb. , and not
exceeding 150 pieces to the ton. - Roots (Second Class). Consists of pieces weighing not less than 5 lb., and not
exceeding 448 pieces to the ton. - Roots (Third Class). Consists of small and side roots below 5 lb. in weight.
- Jugpokal (First Class) (or Badala). Consists of hollow pieces weighing not less
than 7 lb. , and not exceeding 320 pieces to the ton. - Jugpokal (Second Class). Consists of hollow pieces weighing not less than 3 lb.
- Ain Bagar. Consists of solid, cracked, and hollow pieces, weighing not less than
lib. - Ceria (or large Chilta). Consists of pieces and chips of heartwood weighing not
less than £ lb. - Ain Chilta. Consists of pieces and small chips of heartwood.
- Hatri Chilta. Consists of heartwood chips and shavings obtained by planing.
- Milwa Chilta. Consists of pieces and chips having in fair proportions heartwood
and sapwood. - Basola Bukni. Consists of small heartwood and sapwood chips.
- Sawdust (or Powder). Obtained m sawing the santal-wood.
Santalum album is a small evergreen tree, which grows to a height
rarely exceeding 40 ft. It is found in the drier parts of Mysore, Coim-
batore, and Salem, and as far south as Madura and as far north as
Kohlapur. It flourishes best at elevations of 2000 to 3000 ft. above sea
level. Being somewhat delicate, it flourishes best when protected by
hedges or jungle. When cultivated outside these districts it loses much
of its highly valued aromatic heartwood. The cultivation is a Govern-
ment monopoly.
Much discussion has taken place as to the best method for growing
sandal-wood, and the general conclusions arrived at appear to be as fol-
lows The sandal-fruits are gathered whilst fresh, spread out to dry and
then stored in a dry place until the commencement of the rains. The
seed is then sowed on tilepot beds and covered with a mixture of sand
and leaf mould. The seedlings are not transplanted for a year, and are
then kept shaded from the sun. Transplanting commences in the fol-
lowing year, as soon as the ground is thoroughly moistened by the early
rains. The tree is a slow grower, and in the first year or two often
suffers from animal depredations. During the first year the trees in the
nurseries should grow to about 10 ins. in height, and by the end of the
second year should, if well attended to, attain a height of 2 ft. The tree
attains its commercial maturity, that is, the age at which it pays to cut
it down, in from twenty-seven to thirty years. By this time the heart-
wood is well developed—as a rule, at about 2 ins. below the surface;
and after this time the growth of the wood is so slow that it does not
repay the attention bestowed upon it, and the commercial interests in-
volved are such that it now pays to cut the tree down. It is generally
felled at the end of the year, the largest roots, which contain a very fine