Chemistry of Essential Oils

26 THE CHEMISTEY OF ESSENTIAL OILS

Temperature

(corrected).

°C.

155-9-157-4

157-6

157-9

158-4

158-9

160-0

162-4

176-5

194-9

194-9 +

Distillate.

Observed.

Per Cent.

5-10 '

10-66

10-28

8-99

10-54

11-04

8-76

9-72

3-87

20-74

Cumulative.

Per Cent.

5-10

15-76

26-04

35-03

45-57

56-61

65-37

75-09

78-96

99-70

6/15°

Specific

( ravity at

15° C.

0-8617

•8617

•8621

•8619

•8616

•8611

•8609

•8605

•8616

•9129

ND 15°

Index of

Refraction

at 15° C.

1-4677

1-4683

1-4687

1-4689

1-4689

1-4693

1-4696

1-4713

1-4723

1-4837

TURPENTINE FROM PINUS JEFFREYI.
Schorgerl states that the normal turpentine from this tree consists of
about 95 per cent, of heptane and 5 per cent, of an aldehyde, probably
citronellal. Schimmel & Co.
2
have examined this oil and found it to have
the following characters:—

Specific gravity

Optical rotation

Ester value

„ ,, (after acetylation)

0*7051

1-39653

5-2

8-7

They agree with Schorger that the principal constituent of the oil is
heptane. They do not agree, however, that citronellal is present, but
have identified decylic acid; possibly traces also of octylic and nonylic
aldehydes may be present. Linalol and methyl-chavicol are also pro-
bably present.
The " wood turpentine " of Pinus Jeffreyi was found to consist of 90
to 95 per cent, of heptane, with traces of limonene and citronellal. That,
from Pinus monophylla had a specific gravity 09702, rotation + 21-15°,
and refractive index 14771. In it were identified a-pinene, /3-pinene, and
cadinene. The corresponding oil from Pinus ponderosa had a specific
gravity 0*8626, rotation - 13

• 15°, and refractive index 1-4727. It contains
  a-pinene, /3-pinene, and limonene.
  Russian oil of turpentine is a product, the importance of which has
  increased during the past few years, and appreciable quantities are now
  imported into this country. The oil is obtained principally from Pinus
  sylvestris, but Pinus Ledebourii also contributes to its production. The
  crude oleo-resin is, whilst still mixed with a large percentage of impurities,
  distilled over a naked fire without the use of water (essence de t^reben-
  thine de resine) or the wood is crudely distilled directly (essence de t6r6-
  benthine de four).
  The resulting oil is brownish in colour with a most unpleasant odour,
  due to the presence of decomposition products, which include phenols,
  furfural, and benzenoid hydrocarbons.
  The principal constituents of Eussian turpentine are, according to
  Sehindelmeiser,
  3
  /2-pinene, sylvestrene, and dipentene. A little dextro-a-
  lJoiir. Ind. Eng. Chem. 6 (1914), 541. * Report, October, 1914, 45.
  3
  Chemiker Zeitung, 1908 (32), 8.