The five substances
In TCM five substances encompass both tangible and intangible elements
within the body. They are summarised in Table 6.2
The first three substances, qi, jingand shen, are known as the ‘three
treasures’ and are believed to be the essential components of an individual’s
life. They include such qualities as energy and spirit.
The other elements, blood and body fluids, are rather easier to
understand, although these also have essential intangible properties.
Qi (chee)
Qiis usually translated as simply ‘energy’ but there is no one English word
that conveys its true meaning. It is considered to be a vital or life force and
is carried round the body through the meridians (see below)
Qiis responsible for the following day-to-day body functions:^11
- Movement, both conscious (voluntary) and unconscious (involuntary)
- Transforming food and drink into blood, body fluids and energy
- Containment of organs, blood vessels and body tissues in their proper
places - Protection from external environmental factors including heat, cold
and dampness - Maintenance of body heat.
A number of qidisharmonies may be identified:- A deficiency in qiwill lead to debilitation, protracted recovery from
illness, chronic colds, lethargy and other signs of weakness. - Sinking qiis when qican no longer perform its holding function and
this is reflected in an organ prolapse.
Traditional Chinese medicine | 125Basic substance Main responsibility Possible symptoms of disharmony (deficiency or excess)
Qi Day-to-day functions Debilitation, chronic colds, gastrointestinal problems
Jing
Shen Development Learning difficulties, kidney problems, ageing, weak
constitution
Blood Consciousness Anxiety, insomnia, psychiatric problems
Paleness, stabbing pains, fever
Body fluids Nourishes, moistens Dryness of skin, dry cough; weeping rashes, productive
cough (phlegm)Table 6.2Summary of the five substances