processes. In the second edition, we were more concerned with the
application of the theories. Accordingly, contributors, with the
exception of Hotchkiss and Borow (1990), were asked to tell how
they would provide career counseling to the “Case of K.” When
considering how to best proceed with the third edition (Brown et
al., 1996), we concluded that it would not be possible to include all
theories of career choice and development in the book and that
only theories that were substantially influencing research or prac-
tice would be included, along with some of the theories that were
emerging at that time—a conceptualization we have retained for
this edition. The most difficult task for those of us working on both
the third edition and this edition has been deciding which theories
are influential. This was determined, in part, by informally survey-
ing the leading scholars in the field. It was also determined by
reviewing leading journals and determining which theories are
stimulating current research. On this basis, one theory that was
included in the first three editions (Krumboltz’s social learning the-
ory) was deleted.
It has also been the intent of this book from the outset to stim-
ulate theory development; thus some space has been dedicated to
new or emerging ideas and theories. This was also true in the third
edition. We hoped that a second constructivist theory would be
included in this edition; unfortunately, the author who initially
agreed to provide the chapter found it impossible to do so.
In the first three editions, Brooks and I asked contributors to tell
how their theories applied to women and minorities because we
hoped to stimulate thinking in this area. I do not think we have
been very successful in stimulating theorizing that is applicable to
people other than white males. Thus criticism of occupational
choice and career development theories for being less than inclu-
sive, such as that of Leong (1995), seems valid. Leong notes that lit-
tle progress has been made toward making theories of career choice
and development applicable to minorities. My chapter in this vol-
ume is an attempt to address career choice and development issues
of women and minorities using a values-based approach. Addition-
16 CAREER CHOICE AND DEVELOPMENT