220 J.J.C. Smart
15 I was myself much in the same frame of mind about the scope of ‘logic’, when
I wrote two articles of philosophical theology, of which I’m now quite ashamed,
in the Flew and MacIntyre volume mentioned in note 8 above.
16 For an excellent exposition, discussion and defence of Quine’s indispensability
argument for the reality of mathematical entities, see Mark Colyvan, The Indis-
pensability of Mathematics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).
17 Flew and MacIntyre, New Essays, p. 54.
18 In O.H. Lee (ed.) Philosophical Essays for A.N. Whitehead (New York: Longmans,
1936), reprinted in Quine’sWays of Paradox.
19 William Lane Craig, ‘Review of Smart and Haldane Atheism and Theism’,Ratio
(New Series) 9 (1998), 200 – 5.
20 See Lee Smolin, Three Roads to Quantum Gravity (London: Weidenfeld and
Nicholson, 2000), p. 200.
21 I have been helped to be even more sceptical about the fine-tuning argument by
a paper by my one-time student and former colleague M.C. Bradley, ‘ The Fine
Tuning Argument’, forthcoming in Religious Studies, and a draft article by the
same author, ‘ The Fine Tuning Argument: The Bayesian Version’.
22 Inquiry, 2000.
23 John Leslie, Infinite Minds (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
24 M.J. Behe, Darwin’s Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution (New York:
Simon and Schuster, 1996).
25 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.
26 See J.J.C. Smart, ‘Moral Values’, in Revue International de Philosophie 51(1997),
479–94. Because imperatives have a (recursive) semantics this account avoids
objections faced by expressivism. Nevertheless it has affinity to C.L. Stevenson,
who, however, confused semantics with pragmatics.
27 Gilbert Ryle, ‘Systematically Misleading Expressions’,Proceedings of the Aristote-
lian Society, (1931 – 2).
28 John Hick (ed.), The Metaphor of God Incarnate (London: SCM Press, 1993).
29 New York: HarperCollins, 2000.
30 I am using the word ‘phenomenology’ in a down-to-earth sense, not as used in a
certain sort of philosophy descending from Husserl.
31 For a possible explanation of the illusory phenomena, see D.M. Armstrong, ‘ The
Headless Woman Illusion and the Defence of Materialism’,Analysis29, 48 – 9.
See also J.J.C. Smart, ‘The Identity Theory of Mind’, in the Stanford Encyclopedia
of Philosophy. http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/mind-identity
32 In particular, see Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, revised edition, 1991).
33 Alvin Plantinga, Warrant and Proper Function, and Warranted Christian Belief
2nd edn (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).