Jackson, Virginia, ‘‘Longfellow’s Tradition; or, Picture-
Writing a Nation,’’Modern Language Quarterly, Decem-
ber 1998, Vol. 59, No. 4, p. 471.
Justus, James H., ‘‘The Fireside Poets: Hearthside Values
and the Language of Care,’’ inNineteenth-Century Amer-
ican Poetry, edited by A. Robert Lee, Vision Press, 1985,
pp. 146–65.
Linder, Douglas O., ‘‘The Amistad Case,’’ Famous Tri-
als, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law,
2000, http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/
amistad/ami_act.htm (accessed March 14, 2009).
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, ‘‘The Wreck of the Hes-
perus,’’ inHenry Wadsworth Longfellow: Poems and
Other Writings, Library of America, 2000, pp. 12–15.
Poe, Edgar Allan, ‘‘Longfellow’s Ballads,’’ inNineteenth-
Century Literature Criticism, Vol. 2, Gale Research,
1982; originally published inGraham’s, Vol. 20, Nos. 3/
4, March-April 1842.
Saintsbury, George, ‘‘Longfellow’s Poems,’’ inPrefaces
and Essays, Macmillan, 1933, pp. 324–44.
Whitman, Walt, ‘‘Death of Longfellow,’’ inNineteenth-
Century Literature Criticism, Vol. 2, Gale Research,
1982; originally published inCritic, Vol. 2, No. 33,
April 8, 1882, p. 101.
Williams, Cecil B., Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,
Twayne Publishers, 1964, p. 138.
FURTHER READINGCalhoun, Charles C.,Longfellow: A Rediscovered Life,
Beacon Press, 2004.
Calhoun’s biography, the first of Longfellow to
appear in half a century, details the writer’s life
and his contributions to the definition of cul-
ture in America.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, ‘‘Self-Reliance,’’ inEssays: First
Series, J. Munroe, 1841.
Published in the same year that Longfellow
published ‘‘The Wreck of the Hesperus,’’ Emer-
son’s ‘‘Self-Reliance’’ considers the profound
forces, like love, heroism, friendship, prudence,
intellect, and art, that define the human char-
acter and govern the human condition.
Irmscher, Christoph,Longfellow Redux, University of
Illinois Press, 2006.
This recent biography of Longfellow concen-
trates on his relationship with his readers, his
work as a translator and disseminator of liter-
ary work, and his conception of what it means
to be an author in a democracy.
Melville, Herman,Moby-Dick, Harper & Brothers, 1851.
Melville’s famous novel is a complex medita-
tion on a number of psychological and spiritual
issues that confront mankind. At the center of
the novel is the proud and disturbed figure of
Ahab, the captain of thePequod, a whaling
vessel. Ahab’s obsession with asserting his
power over the force of nature embodied in
the whale Moby Dick draws him and his crew
on to catastrophe.
Pearl, Matthew,The Dante Club, Random House, 2004.
This work of fiction, a murder mystery set in
the 1850s around Harvard College, features
Longfellow as one of the principal characters
and sleuths.TheWreckoftheHesperus