We have noted the advance of the Protestant Reformation and the reaction
of the Counter-Reformation, that is, the forceful counterattack of the Roman
Catholic Church in the face of the reformist threat. That counterattack
was most violently expressed in the Netherlands, which had come under
Habsburg control in 1477 and was occupied by Spanish garrisons. Under
the direction of Philip II, Spain tried to suppress the religious and civil revolt
that occurred in the Netherlands in the mid-16th century. In the next lecture,
we will look at the greatest art produced in the Netherlands during those
critical years, the paintings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Ŷ
Hieronymus Bosch:
Garden of Earthly Delights, c. 1505–10, oil on panel, open: 7 x 13’
(2.1 x 3.9 m), Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain.
Seven Deadly Sins, c. 1490, oil on panel, Museo del Prado,
Madrid, Spain.Jan Gossaert (called Mabuse):
Carondelet Diptych: Jean Carondelet and Virgin Mary, 1517, oil
on panel, open: 16 ¾ x 21 ¼” (42.5 x 54 cm), Musée du Louvre,
Paris, France.Joachim Patinir:
The Penitence of Saint Jerome, c. 1518, oil on wood, central panel:
46 ¼ x 32” (117.5 x 81.3 cm), each wing: 47 ½ x 14” (120.7 x 35.6 cm),
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, New York, USA.Lucas van Leyden:
Last Judgment Triptych, 1526–27, oil on panel, 9’ 10 ¼” x 14’ 3”
(300.5 x 434.5 cm), Museum de Lakenhal, Leiden, The Netherlands.Works Discussed