Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio) (1571–1610). One of
the founders of the 17th-century Baroque style in Rome. Also known for his
dramatic use of chiaroscuro, the contrast of light and dark in painting.
Carracci, Annibale (1560–1609). Bolognese painter known for his
decoration in the Farnese Palace. Together with his older brother, Agostino,
and his cousin, Ludovico, Annibale founded an art academy that emphasized
Naturalism and reacted against Mannerist stylistic principles.
Castiglione, Baldassare (1478–1529). Author of The Book of the Courtier
(1528), a vivid description of the manners and ideals of a Humanist court
(Urbino) and the intellectual and cultural life of the Renaissance aristocracy.
Cézanne, Paul (1839–1906). One of the greatest French artists of the
late 19th century whose seminal work paved the way to abstraction in
20 th-century art.
Chardin, Jean-Simeon (1699–1779). French artist known for his still life
and genre paintings.
Cimabue (Benciviene di Pepo) (c. 12401302). Florentine painter who
began the development from the Italo-Byzantine style toward Realism that
reached fruition in the Renaissance.
Claude Lorrain (Claude Gellée) (1600–1682). InÀ uential French
landscape painter working in Rome, known simply as Claude in English.
His compositional innovations in landscape painting became the established
mode for 200 years.
Constable, John (1776–1837). Major English landscape painter of the 19th
century. He was a Romantic realist absorbed in the rhythms of nature.
Corot, Camille (1796–1875). French landscape artist who practiced plein-
air painting. His work was a precursor of Impressionism, and he had an
important inÀ uence on Monet and Pissarro.