Laboratory Methods of Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd English Ed. 1928

LABOKATOBY METHODS

OF

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON LABORATORY

PRACTICE.

1. Heating.

FOR heating and melting solid substances crucibles made of
porcelain, difficultly-fusible clay, or iron are used. Small cruciblea

may be heated with a Bunsen burner (700°) or, for higher tem-

peratures, with the Miincke, Meker or Teclu burner (800°) or over

a blast lamp; for long heating with the latter it is sometimes
convenient to have a water pump arranged to furnish an air blast.

In order to obtain a uniform temperature of about 1000° small

Kg. 1.

crucibles may be surrounded with a clay mantle or a gas muffle

furnace can be used. Larger crucibles can be placed inside a piece
of iron stovepipe or an inverted flowerpot with its hole enlarged.

Large crucibles may be heated reasonably hot with a Fletcher

burner by using such an insulating mantle to prevent some of the

loss of heat by radiation; or to about 1200° in a gas furnace.

1