- Why is^32 P stored in plastic and not in lead containers?
- What is the approximate amount of lead necessary to reduce the expo-
sure rate from a 200-mCi–99mTc source to less than 5 mR/hr at 20 cm
from the source? (G 20 of 99mTc =0.59 R · cm^2 /mCi · hr at 1 cm =15.95mGy
·m^2 /GBq · hr at 1 m; HVL of Pb for 99mTc =0.3 mm). - If 1% of the primary beam exits through a patient, calculate the expo-
sure at the midline of the patient. - (a) Who are required to wear personnel monitoring devices?
(b) Film badges can discriminate different types of radiation. True or
false?
(c) Film badges can discriminate radiations of different energies. True
or false?
(d) Why are filters used in film badges?
(e) Filters convert radiation energies into visible light. True or false?
(f) Filters protect the individual from radiation exposure. True or
false?
(g) Describe how thermoluminescent dosimeters work. - (a) What is the ALARA program?
(b) What is an Agreement State?
(c) How often should area surveys and wipe tests be performed in
nuclear medicine?
(d) When does one take a bioassay?
(e) What are the NRC requirements for survey of the packages on
receipt?
(f) Describe different methods of disposal of radioactive waste.
(g) What are the general principles of handling radioactive spillage?
(h) What is a transportation index (TI), and how is it used in the trans-
portation of radioactive material? - What are the criteria for the release of patients administered with
radiopharmaceutical?
References and Suggested Readings
Cox PH. European legislation and its effects on the production of radiopharma-
ceuticals. In: Sampson CB, ed. Textbook of Radiopharmacy 3rd ed. Amsterdam:
Gordon and Brench Science Publishers; 1999.
Federal Register. Code of Federal Regulations.10CFR20. Washington, DC: U.S.
Government Printing Office; 1996.
Federal Register. Code of Federal Regulations.10CFR31. Washington, DC: U.S.
Government Printing Office; 1993.
Federal Register. Code of Federal Regulations.10CFR33. Washington, DC: U.S.
Government Printing Office; 1992.
Federal Register. Code of Federal Regulations.10CFR35. Washington, DC: U.S.
Government Printing Office; 2002.
Federal Register. Code of Federal Regulations.10CFR71. Washington, DC: U.S.
Government Printing Office; 1992.
298 16. Radiation Regulations and Protection