Pile Design and Construction Practice, Fifth edition

obtained from a simple triangle of forces as shown. Where lateral forces are transient in
character, for example, for wind loadings, they may be permitted to be carried wholly or
partly by the pile cap where this is bearing on the ground (see Section 7.8). If raking piles
are installed in fill or compressible soil which is settling under its own weight or under a
surcharge pressure, considerable bending stresses can be induced in the piles, requiring a
high moment of resistance to withstand the combined axial and bending stresses as
discussed in Section 6.4.

Piles to resist uplift and lateral loading 307

Tie rod

Wholly

compression

Wholly tension Sheet-piling

Alternating

tension and

compression

Chimney

Wind

Bridge pier

Braking and

acceleration

loads

(a)

(b)

(c)

Figure 6.3Raking piles to resist overturning forces. (a) Piled anchorage to tie rods restraining
sheet-piled retaining wall (b) Raking piles to withstand wind forces on chimney (c) Raking
piles to withstand traction forces from vehicles on bridge.

Fender

Bollard

Figure 6.4Raking and vertical piles in breasting dolphin.