92168.pdf
i 72 The solid-liquid interface Isotherm equations, surface areas In adsorption from solution, physical adsorption is far more c ...
The solid-liquid interface 173 adsorbed molecule is known, the specific surface area of the solid can be calculated as described ...
The electric double layer Most substances acquire a surface electric charge when brought into contact with a polar (e.g. aqueous ...
Charged interfaces 175 Ion adsorption A net surface charge can be acquired by the unequal adsorption of oppositely charged ions. ...
176 Charged interfaces Hydrated (e.g. protein and polysaccharide) surfaces adsorb ions less readily than hydrophobic (e.g. lipid ...
Charged interfaces 177 The diffuse double layer The electric double layer can be regarded as consisting of two regions: 'an inne ...
178 Charged interfaces Counter-ions 1/K Distance (x) Distance (x) Figure 7.1 Schematic representation of a diffuse electric doub ...
Charged interfaces 179 p is related to $ by Poisson's equation, which for a flat double layer takes the form (7,2) where e is th ...
180 Charged interfaces \lt = (l/ 0 exp[-»o:] (7.7) which shows that at low potentials the potential decreases exponen- tially wi ...
Charged interfaces 181 For an aqueous solution of a symmetrical electrolyte at 25°C, equation (7.6) becomes ( 2 \{ (7,10) K = 0 ...
182 Charged interfaces approach the surface to within its hydrated radius without becoming specifically adsorbed. Stern (1924) p ...
Particle surface Stern plane Surface of shear Diffuse layer Stern layer 1 /K Distance Figure 7.2 Schematic representation of the ...
184 Charged interfaces ern N kT where crm is the surface charge density corresponding to a monolayer of counter-ions, WA is Avog ...
Charged interfaces 185 iodide-aqueous electrolyte interfaces^181. If the double layer is treated as two capacitors in series, th ...
186 Charged interfaces difference between ^d and £ will clearly be most pronounced at high potentials (£ = 0 when «/fd = 0), and ...
Charged interfaces 187 +50 I ° jg "c £ £ -50 -100 •s \ (5.3 -pAg) x 59 mV \ \ 2 4 \6 8 10 1 v> \ \ \\\ \ V pAg X^^•»-. •^l .i ...
188 Charged interfaces electrokinetic potentials (rarely in excess of 75 mV) compared with thermodynamic potentials (which can b ...
Charged interfaces 189 concentration and charge number are of primary importance. R may be a cation exchanger (fixed negatively ...
190 Charged interfaces The four electrokinetic phenomena are as follows: Electrophoresis - the movement of a charged surface pl ...
Charged interfaces 191 Glass strengthening rod attached to C'joiO6 • view microscope stage Top view Condenser Long-working- dist ...
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