K.K. Jain, Textbook of Personalized Medicine, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2553-7_14, 479
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Chapter 14
Personalized Management of Cardiovascular
Disorders
Introduction
The constantly growing volume of available data on pathophysiology of cardiovas-
cular disorders will require an organized interpretation of variations in DNA and
mRNA as well as proteins, both on the individual and population level. Advances in
biotechnologies are being applied to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cardio-
vascular disorders (Jain 2011 ). A fi ve-step strategy can be followed when trying to
identify genes and gene products involved in differential responses to cardiovascu-
lar drugs (Siest et al. 2007 ):
- Pharmacokinetic-related genes and phenotypes
- Pharmacodynamic targets, genes and products
- Cardiovascular diseases and risks depending on specifi c or large metabolic cycles
- Physiological variations of previously identifi ed genes and proteins
- Environmental infl uences on them
Cardiogenomics
The term “cardiogenomics” or “cardiovascular genomics” is applied to the descrip-
tion of genes underlying cardiovascular disorders and the use of genomic technolo-
gies for developing diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Technologies used
include traditional molecular biology approaches such as real-time PCR and dif-
ferential display as well as high-throughput technologies such as microarrays and
serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Molecular genetic technologies can now
provide sensitive and effi cient genetic testing, not only to identify polymorphic
drug metabolism genes, but also to identify disease-associated genes for diagnosis
and risk stratifi cation of many hereditary cardiovascular diseases. A combination of
proteomics technologies with genomic technologies has enhanced the understand-
ing of molecular basis of cardiovascular disorders.