Analytical Chemistry

resulting in changes in electronic structure. Observed by passing radiation characteristic of a particular element through an at ...

Instrumentation Sources emitting radiation characteristic of element of interest (hollow-cathode lamp). Flame or electrically he ...

where Iv is the intensity of the transmitted radiation at frequency ν and kν is the corresponding absorption coefficient. The va ...

measure kν at the centre of the absorption line, where it reaches a maximum value, using a sharp line radiation source (vide inf ...

The procedure is strictly analogous to that used for absorbance measurements in UV and visible molecular spectrometry (p. 355). ...

A further approach to correction for broad band interference utilizes the Zeeman effect. Under the effect of a strong magnetic f ...

changes in lamp intensity and detector sensitivity are facilitated but those for flame background are not. Sharp-line Sources Id ...

can be made. The maximum value of the absorption coefficient kmax is directly proportional to the oscillator strength f and indi ...

concentration of free atoms will be established in the flame, whilst in the latter the concentration rises to a maximum and then ...

refractory oxides and oxidation of the graphite. The axis of the furnace is aligned along the optical path of the radiation from ...

Figure 8.30 Platform shape and orientation within a furnace tube. identical to that of a graphite furnace. The absolute sensitiv ...

can be obtained only when a collection vessel is used before measurement. Once formed, the hydrides are entrained in argon and s ...

Instrumental correction for background absorption using a double beam instrument or a continuum source has already been discusse ...

Applications of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Atomic absorption spectrometry is one of the most widely used techniques for the ...

Radiation absorbed by atoms under conditions similar to those used in atomic absorption spectrometry may be re-emitted as fluore ...

been established as an effective technique in regular use. This group of elements includes, Hg, As, Se, Sb, Te, and Bi which can ...

Applications Non-destructive elemental analysis of solid or liquid samples for major and minor constituents. Used in routine ana ...

emissions are sometimes known as 'white X-rays'. Superimposed on the continuum will be emission peaks characteristic of transiti ...

Figure 8.33 Diagram showing the effects of the interaction of an electron beam with a solid specimen. ...

Figure 8.34 (a) Diagram showing the additional absorption path that X-rays must take when operation is at a low take-off angle, ...