9E Health-Promoting Effects of Wine Phenolics 591
Wallerath, T., Deckert, G., Ternes, T., Anderson, H., Li, H., Witte, K., & Forstermann, U. (2002).
Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin present in red wine, enhances expression and activity
of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.Circulation, 106, 1652–1658.
Wheeler, D. S., Catravas, J. D., Odoms, K., Denenberg, A., Malhotra, V., & Wong, H. R. (2004).
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a green tea-derived polyphenol, inhibits IL-1 beta-dependent proin-
flammatory signal transduction in cultured respiratory epithelial cells.J. Nutr., 134, 1039–1044.
Whitehead, T. P., Robinson, D., Allaway, S., Syms, J., & Hale, A. (1995). Effect of red wine
ingestion on the antioxidant capacity of serum.Clin.Chem.,41, 32–35.
Wilcox, L. J., Borradaile, N. M., de Dreu, L. E., & Huff, M. W. (2001). Secretion of hepatocyte
apoB is inhibited by the flavonoids, naringenin and hesperetin, via reduced activity and expres-
sion of ACAT2 and MTP.J. Lipid Res., 42, 725–734.
Witztum, J. L., & Steinberg, D. (1991). Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis.
J. Clin. Inves., 88, 1785–1792.
Wood, J. G., Rogina, B., Lavu, S., Howitz, K., Helfand, S. L., Tatar, M., & Sinclair, D. A.
(2004). Sirtuin activators mimic caloric restriction and delay ageing in metazoans.Nature, 430,
686–689.
World Health Organisation. (1989). World health statistics annual. Geneve, World Health
Organisation.
Xia, M., Hou, M., Zhu, H., Ma, J., Tang, Z., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Chi, D., Yu, X., Zhao, T., Han,
P., Xia, X., & Ling, W. (2005). Anthocyanins induce cholesterol efflux from mouse peritoneal
macrophages: the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-liver X receptor
alpha-ABCA1 pathway.J. Biol. Chem., 280, 36792–36801.
Xia, M., Ling, W., Zhu, H., Wang, Q., Ma, J., Hou, M., Tang, Z., Li, L., & Ye, Q. (2007). Antho-
cyanin prevents CD40-activated proinflammatory signaling in endothelial cells by regulating
cholesterol distribution.Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 27, 519–524.
Xu, J. W., Ikeda, K., & Yamori, Y. (2004). Genistein inhibits expressions of NADPH oxidase
p22phox and angiotensin II type 1 receptor in aortic endothelial cells from stroke-prone spon-
taneously hypertensive rats.Hypertens. Res., 27, 675–683.
Yang, F., Oz, H. S., Barve, S.,de Villiers, W. J., McClain, C.J., & Varilek,G. W. (2001). The
green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate blocks nuclear factor-kappa B activation
by inhibiting I kappa B kinase activity in the intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6.Molecular
Pharmacology, 60, 528–533.
Yang, H., Baur, J. A., Chen, A., Miller, C., Adams, J. K., Kisielewski, A., Howitz, K. T., Zipkin, R.
E., & Sinclair, D. A. (2007). Design and synthesis of compounds that extend yeast replicative
lifespan.Aging Cell, 6, 35–43.
Yang, T. T., & Koo, M. W. (2000). Chinese green tea lowers cholesterol level through an increase
in fecal lipid excretion.Life Sci.s, 66 , 411–423.
Ying, C. J., Xu, J. W., Ikeda, K., Takahashi, K., Nara, Y., & Yamori, Y. (2003). Tea polyphenols reg-
ulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit expression and ameliorate
angiotensin II-induced hyperpermeability in endothelialcells.Hypertens. Res., 26, 823–828.
Zalba, G., Fortu ̃no, A., Orbe, J., San Jose, G., Moreno, M. U., Belzunce, M., Rodriguez, J. A.,
Beloqui, O., Paramo, J. A., & Diez, J. (2007). Phagocytic NADPH oxidase-dependent superox-
ide production stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-9: implications for human atherosclerosis.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 27, 587–593.
Zern, T. L., Wood, R. J., Greene, C., West, K. L., Liu, Y., Aggarwal, D., Shachter, N. S., &
Fernandez, M. L. (2005). Grape polyphenols exert a cardioprotective effect in pre- and post-
menopausal women by lowering plasma lipids and reducing oxidative stress.J. Nutr., 135,
1911–1917.
Zhen, M. C., Huang, X. H., Wang, Q., Sun, K., Liu, Y. J., Li, W., Zhang, L. J., Cao, L. Q., & Chen,
X. L. (2006). Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses rat hepatic stellate
cell invasion by inhibition of MMP-2 expression and its activation.Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 27,
1600–1607.