Index 351
Ellsberg, Daniel, 280
emancipation, 145
Embargo Act ( 1807 ), 70 – 71
Emergency Banking Relief Act ( 1933 ),
221
Emergency Railroad Transportation
Act ( 1933 ), 222
Emergency Relief and Construction
Act ( 1932 ), 217
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act
( 1935 ), 224 – 25
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 112 , 113
employment, 222 – 24. See also
unemployment
energy crisis, 288 – 89
Enforcement Acts ( 1870 – 71 ), 165
English, William H., 176
Enron, 324
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), 301 , 324
Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission, 270
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 315
Erie Canal, 76
Erie Railroad, 132
Eriksson, Leif, 2 – 3
Ervin, Sam J., Jr., 284
Espionage Act ( 1917 ), 201
Estaing, Count Charles d’, 43 – 44
Estonia, 231 , 303
European Recovery Program (ERP,
1948 ), 250
Evangelical Protestantism, 115 , 133 ,
313 , 332
Everett, Edward, 141 , 149
Evers, Medgar, 269
ex-Confederates: amnesty and, 155 – 57 ;
in Congress, 165 – 66
executive branch. See president
Ex parte Milligan, 164
Expedition Act ( 1903 ), 194
“Exposition and Protest” (Calhoun), 93
Fair Deal, 253 , 257 , 258
faith-based initiative, 323
Fall, Albert B., 210
Falwell, Rev. Jerry, 314
Farm Credit Act ( 1933 ), 222
farmers’ alliances, 178 – 80 , 183 – 84
farmers and farm relief, 177 – 78 ,
183 – 84 , 199 , 211 , 213 – 14 , 217 , 222 – 24 ,
253. See also agriculture
Farm Loan banks, 199
Farragut, Adm. David G., 147 , 160
fascism, 216 , 230 – 31 , 238
Faubus, Orval E., 262
federal budget: defi cits, 294 – 96 , 301 ,
305 , 312 , 325 ; defense spending,
230 , 233 , 239 – 40 , 260 , 295 – 96 ;
Depression and, 217 – 19 ; domestic
spending cuts, 295 – 96 , 310 ;
government shutdown and, 310 – 12 ;
surpluses, 325
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),
254 , 286 , 290
Federal Communications Commission
(FCC), 212
federal courts, 50 , 53 – 54 , 69
Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC), 223
Federal Election (Force) Bill ( 1890 ),
181
Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA), 327 , 334
Federal Emergency Relief Act
(FERA, 1933 ), 222
Federal Farm Board, 214
Federal Farm Loan Act ( 1916 ), 199
Federal Farm Mortgage Foreclosure
Act ( 1934 ), 224
federal government: checks and
balances, 48 – 49 , 102 ; powers, vs.
state, 59 – 60 , 64 ; relief programs,
215 , 217 – 18 , 221 ; structure of, 48 – 51.
See also federal budget; and specific
branches
Federal Home Loan Bank Act ( 1932 ),
217
Federalist Party, 59 , 63 , 65 – 66 , 69 , 74 ,
78 , 108
Federal Reserve Act ( 1913 ), 199 , 225
Federal Reserve Bank, 217 , 225