Index 369
United Arab Emirates, 334
United Christian Party, 197
United Mine Workers Union, 229 , 248
United Nations, 255 – 56 , 291 , 304 ,
328 – 29 , 331 ; Charter, 244 ; General
Assembly, 256 ; Security Council,
249 , 266
United States: border with Canada,
123 ; border with Mexico, 126 ;
boundaries of, and Treaty of 1783 ,
45 ; maps of, 55 , 58 , 264 ; as Union of
people vs. confederation of states
and nullifi cation issue, 102 – 5. See
also federal government
1948 , 250 – 53 ; elections of 1964 and
Republican South, 271 ; elections
of 1980 , 292 – 93 ; elections of 1988 ,
302 ; elections of 1992 , 307 ; elections
of 1994 and Republican control
of, 309 – 10 ; elections of 2006 and
Democratic control of, 335 – 36 ;
environment and, 269 – 70 ; FDR
and, 220 , 224 , 226 ; FDR and New
Deal and, 221 – 28 ; fi rst convened
in New York, 1789 , 53 – 54 ; fi rst
convened in Philadelphia, 56 , 64 ;
first convened in Washington D.C.,
64 – 65 ; Gulf War and, 304 ; Hawaii
U.S. Air Force, 236 and, 189 ; Hoover and, 213 – 14 ,
U.S. armed forces, 50 , 79 , 202 : civil
rights in, 253 ; gay and lesbian
personnel in, 308. See also specifi c
branches and wars
217 – 18 ; immigration and, 317 – 18 ;
Iraq War and, 328 ; Jackson and,
changes in practices and character
of, 97 – 98 ; Jacksonian reforms and,
U.S. Army, 79 , 200 , 239 , 241 ;
engineers, 195 ; -McCarthy
hearings, 254 – 55
98 – 99 ; Jacksonian veto of bank
bill and power of, 106 – 9 ; Jackson’s
seizure of Florida and, 80 – 82 ;
U.S. Coast Guard, 239 , 327 Jefferson’s use of, as spokesmen,
U.S. Congress: African-Americans in, 67 ; John Quincy Adams and
164 ; airplanes and, 207 ; Alien and tariffs and, 90 – 93 ; Korean War
Sedition Acts and, 63 – 64 ; Andrew and, 256 ; labor and, post–WW II,
Johnson impeachment and, 155 – 63 ; 248 – 49 ; LBJ and, 271 – 73 ; Louisiana
anti-communism and, 230 – 31 , Purchase and, 69 ; Mexican War
245 – 46 , 249 , 253 – 55 ; antitrust suits and, 124 , 126 ; Monroe Doctrine
and, 194 ; atomic energy and, 247 ; and, 85 – 86 ; navy and army and,
Bank of U.S. and, 57 , 79 ; Bush I and, 63 ; new parties in, and Kansas
305 – 6 ; Bush II and, 323 , 325 – 26 , controversy, 137 – 39 ; new states
334 – 35 ; Carter and, 288 , 289 ; civil and, and Northwest Ordinance, 47 ;
rights and, 251 , 261 – 62 , 268 – 71 ; Civil Nixon impeachment and Watergate
Wa r and, 142 – 46 , 148 – 52 ; Clay vs. investigation and, 284 – 88 ; Nixon
Madison and, 71 – 72 ; Clinton and, impoundments and, 282 – 83 ;
government shutdown, 308 – 12 ; Panama Congress and, 93 ; Panic
Clinton and, impeachment, 319 – 20 ; of 1893 and, 185 ; patronage system
Coolidge and, 210 – 11 , 213 ; corruption and reform and, 175 – 77 ; presidential
and, 167 – 71 , 178 , 290 ; created, and elections of 1824 and caucus system,
Connecticut Compromise, 49 – 50 ; 87 – 88 ; railroad regulation and,
C–Span and, 296 ; Democrats take 180 ; Reagan and, 293 – 96 , 298 ,
control of, with election of 1892 , 299 ; Reconstruction and, 155 – 57 ,
184 – 85 ; Eisenhower and, 258 – 60 , 164 – 66 ; Republican revolution and
262 ; elections of 1890 , and shift partisanship in, 297 ; salaries of, 54 ,
to Democrats, 183 ; elections of 171 ; silver coinage and, 171 – 72 ;