that might compromise collateral blood flow (vasculopathies). When these or
other future concerns are operant, consideration should be given to using “semi-
open” technique wherein the vessel is isolated and cannulated using Seldinger
technique without vessel ligation.
In newborns, either umbilical artery may be utilized for arterial access.
The clinician should be familiar with the anatomy as the catheter will need to
pass inferiorly and laterally to enter the internal iliac artery. The umbilical vessels
are accessible for the first 24 to 48 hours of ex-utero life but rapidly thrombose.
In the delayed circumstance, the risk of embolism rises.
FIGURE 1 :
Volume Status and Cardiac Performance Monitoring