mucosal barriers. Antibiotic resistant organisms, such as Methicillin Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
become more prevalent.[ 27 ] Finally, fungal infections, can be seen in this
population, particularly in premature infants or those on prolonged antibiotics.
[ 28 ]
Risk factors for neonatal sepsis
Surgical neonates may have anatomic and physiologic problems that predispose
them to certain infections. Gastrointestinal and genitourinary anomalies, which
may promote bacterial stasis, overgrowth and possible translocation, are
frequently seen in the
neonates. Obstructive uropathy, intestinal atresias, post-NEC strictures, and
biliary
atresia, are only a few examples. Patients with abdominal wall defects or
congenital diaphragmatic hernias, may have non-biologic implants that can
become seeded and act as source of sepsis. Patients with GI dysmotility and
GERD are at risk for aspiration, leading to respiratory infections. Many surgical
neonates are dependent on parenteral nutrition and have long-standing central
venous catheters, placing them at higher risk for bacteremia.
Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis