ECMO-/ECLS

Cardiac excitability secondary to hyperkalemia with evidence of EKG

abnormalities should be treated with IV calcium gluconate at a dose of 0.5

ml/kg over 5–10 minutes. [34]

Renal replacement therapy (RRT)

Failure of improvement and/or progression of renal dysfunction despite
supportive therapy require more aggressive interventions such as renal
replacement therapy (RRT).

RRT refers to a form of therapy in which full support replaces most of the
kidney’s metabolic functions.

Classification of RRT

1. Acute RRT
   Include intermittent and acute hemodialysis.


2. Chronic RRT
   Include intermittent hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation

(^) Indications for renal replacement therapy
The following are well recognized indications for RRT:

1. Metabolic/electrolyte imbalance,


2. Uremia with bleeding and/or encephalopathy,


3. Hypervolemia with pulmonary edema/respiratory failure,


4. Intoxications,


5. Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), and


6. Nutritional support (removal of fluid to make space for nutrition)