• 
  

  At equilibrium: Q= K; Ecell= 0
  ln.
  nE
  K 0 0257cell
  :

  
  

%

• OIL RIG: Oxidation Is Losing; Reduction Is Gaining (electrons)


• AN OX (ANode is where OXidation occurs)
  RED CAT (REDuction occurs at the CAThode)


• Electrolytic cell — electrical energy is used to bring about a nonspontaneous electrical
  change. Anode is (+) electrode; cathode is (−) electrode.


• Voltaic (chemical) cell — electrical energy is produced by a spontaneous redox reaction.
  Anode is (−) terminal; cathode is (+) terminal.


• Relation Between ∆G, K, and E°cell

∆GKE°cell Reaction Under Standard State Conditions

− >1 + Spontaneous

0 =1 0 Equilibrium

+<1− Nonspontaneous; spontaneous in reverse direction

Part II: Specific Topics