- Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through water:
CO 2 + H 2 O →H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid)
or
→H++ HCO 3 – (weak acid) - Sulfur trioxide gas is bubbled through water:
SO 3 + H 2 O →H++ SO 4 2– - Phosphorus(V) oxytrichloride is added to water:
POCl 3 + H 2 O →H++ HPO 4 2–+ Cl–
V. Metallic Oxide + Acid →Salt + H 2 O - Ferric oxide is added to hydrochloric acid:
Fe 2 O 3 + H+→Fe3++ H 2 O - Copper(II) oxide is added to nitric acid:
CuO + H+→Cu2++ H 2 O
VI. Nonmetallic Oxide + Base →Salt + H 2 O - Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a solution of sodium hydroxide:
CO 2 + OH–"CO 32 - + H 2 O - Sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled through a solution of lithium hydroxide:
SO 2 + OH–"SO 32 - + H 2 O
VII. Metallic Oxide + Nonmetallic Oxide →Salt - Magnesium oxide is heated strongly in carbon dioxide gas:
MgO + CO 2 →MgCO 3 - Calcium oxide is heated in an environment of sulfur trioxide gas:
CaO + SO 3 →CaSO 4
VIII. Acid + Base →Salt + Water (Neutralization) - Hydrochloric acid is added to potassium hydroxide:
H++ OH–→H 2 O - Equal volumes of 0.5 M sulfuric acid and 0.5 M sodium hydroxide are mixed:
HSO 4 – + OH–→SO 4 2–+ H 2 O
or
H++ OH–→H 2 O - Hot nitric acid is added to solid sodium hydroxide:
H++ NaOH →HOH + Na+
Part II: Specific Topics