XIII. Weak Acid + Strong Base →Water + Conjugate Base- Hydrofluoric acid is added to a solution of sodium hydroxide:
HF + OH–→H 2 O + F– - A solution of vinegar (acetic acid) is titrated with lye (sodium hydroxide):
HC 2 H 3 O 2 + OH–→H 2 O + CHO 232 - - Nitrous acid is added to sodium hydroxide:
HNO 2 + OH–→H 2 O + NO 2 -
XIV. Strong Acid + Weak Base →Conjugate Acid (Weak Acid) - Hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of ammonia:
H++ NH 3 "NH 4 + - Sulfuric acid is added to a solution of sodium fluoride:
H++ F–→HF - Hydrochloric acid is added to sodium carbonate:
H++CO 332 --"HCO
or
→H 2 CO 3
or
→CO 2 + H 2 O - Sodium acetate is added to a weak solution of nitric acid:
H CHO++ 232 - "HCHO 232
XV. Acid + Carbonate →Salt + CO 2 + Water - Hydrochloric acid is added to a sodium carbonate solution.
H++ CO 3 2–→ CO 2 + H 2 O - Hydroiodic acid is mixed with solid calcium carbonate.
H++ CaCO 3 →Ca2++ CO 2 + H 2 O
XVI. Acidic Anhydride + Base →Salt + Water - Dinitrogen pentoxide gas is bubbled through a solution of concentrated ammonia.
N 2 O 5 + NH 3 →NH 4 ++ NO 3 – + H 2 O - Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a solution of lye.
CO 2 + OH–→CO 3 2–+ H 2 O
Part II: Specific Topics