Cliffs AP Chemistry, 3rd Edition

2. Methyl alcohol is mixed with a small amount of sulfuric acid and then warmed gently:
   CH 3 OH + HOCH 3 →CH 3 OCH 3 + H 2 O
   XXIX. Important Organic Reactions

Addition of Br 2 or Cl 2
to alkenes or alkynes

Addition of H 2 to alkenes or alkynes

Addition of H 2 O to alkenes

Addition of HX to alkenes or alkynes

Dehydration of alcohols to give alkenes

Dehydration of alcohols to give ethers

Formation of acetals

Formation of ketals

Halogenation of aromatic rings

Hydrolysis of acetals

+H 2 O H

+

RCH+2R'OH

O

RCH

OR'

Acetal Aldehyde Alcohol

OR'

X 2 X

X

+ Fe Br or Cl

RCR" R'OH+ RCR"

O OH

OR'

RCR"

OR'

Ketone Hemiketal Ketal

OR'

H+

R'OH

R C H R'OH+

O

C H

OR'

OH

R C H

OR'

OR'

H R

+

R'OH

2ROH +H 2 O

H 2 SO 4

R O R

C C +H 2 O

H 2 SO 4

H OH

C C

C C +HX X F, Cl, Br, or I

X X

C C

C +

H+

C H 2 O

H OH

C C

C +

catalyst

C H 2

H H

C C

C C +X 2

X X

C C X Br or Cl

Writing and Predicting Chemical Reactions