References 241Des Jarlais, D. C. (2000). Research, politics, and needle exchange.
American Journal of Public Health, 90,1392...1394.
Des Jarlais, D. C., Marmor, M., Paone, D., Titus, S., Shi, Q., Perlis,
T., et al. (1996). HIV incidence among injecting drug users in
New York City syringe-exchange programmes. Lancet, 348,
987...991.
Des Jarlais, D. C., Perlis, T., Friedman, S. R., Chapman, T., Kwok,
J., Rockwell, R., et al. (2000). Behavioral risk reduction in a de-
clining HIV epidemic: Injection drug users in New York City,
1990...1997.American Journal of Public Health, 90,1112...1116.
Dornadula, G., Zhang, H., VanUitert, B., Stern, J., Livornese, L., Jr.,
Ingerman, M. J., et al. (1999). Residual HIV-1 RNA in blood
plasma of patients taking suppressive highly active antiretroviral
therapy. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282,
1627...1632.
Dubois-Arber, F., Jeannin, A., Konings, E., & Paccaud, F. (1997).
Increased condom use without other major changes in sexual be-
havior among the general population in Switzerland. American
Journal of Public Health, 87,558...566.
Dubois-Arber, F., Jeannin, A., & Spencer, B. (1999). Long term
global evaluation of a national AIDS prevention strategy: The
case of Switzerland. AIDS, 13,2571...2582.
Fatkenheuer, G., Theisen, A., Rockstroh, J., Grabow, T., Wicke, C.,
Becker, K., et al. (1997). Virological treatment failure of pro-
tease inhibitor therapy in an unselected cohort of HIV-infected
patients.AIDS, 11,F113...F116.
Fischl, M. A., Richman, D. D., Grieco, M. H., Gottlieb, M. S.,
Volberding, P. A., Laskin, O. L., et al. (1987). The ef“cacy of azi-
dothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and
AIDS-related complex: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
New England Journal of Medicine, 317,185...191.
Fishbein, M., & Middlestadt, S. E. (1989). Using the Theory of Rea-
soned Action as a framework for understanding and changing
AIDS-related behaviors. In V. M. Mays, G. W. Albee, & S. F.
Schneider (Eds.), Primary prevention of AIDS: Psychological
approaches(pp. 93...110). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Fisher, J. D. (1988). Possible effects of reference group based social
in”uence on AIDS-risk behaviors and AIDS. American Psychol-
ogist, 43,914...920.
Fisher, J. D., & Fisher, W. A. (1992). Changing AIDS-risk behavior.
Psychological Bulletin, 111,455...474.
Folkman, S., & Chesney, M. (1991). Translating coping theory into
intervention. In J. Eckenrode (Ed.), The social context of stress
(pp. 239...260). New York: Plenum Press.
Gallo, R. C., Salahuddin, S. Z., Popovic, M., Shearer, G. M.,
Kaplan, M., Haynes, B. F., et al. (1984). Frequent detection and
isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients
with AIDS and at risk for AIDS. Science, 224,500...503.
Gerbert, B., Bronstone, A., McPhee, S., Pantilat, S., & Allerton, M.
(1998). Development and testing of an HIV-risk screening in-
strument for use in health care settings. American Journal of
Preventive Medicine, 15,103...113.
Gibney, L., DiClemente, R. J., & Vermund, S. H. (Eds.). (1999).
Preventing HIV in developing countries: Biomedical and behav-
ioral approaches.New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
Gulick, R. M., Mellors, J. W., Havlir, D., Eron, J. J., Gonzalez, C.,
McMahon, D., et al. (1997). Treatment with indinavir, zidovu-
dine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunode“ciency
virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy. New England
Journal of Medicine, 337,734...739.
Hammer, S. M., Squires, K. E., Hughes, M. D., Grimes, J. M.,
Demeter, L. M., Currier, J. S., et al. (1997). A controlled trial of
two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human
immunode“ciency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of
200 per cubic millimeter or less. New England Journal of Medi-
cine, 337,725...733.
Haynes, R. B., McKibbon, K. A., & Kanani, R. (1996). Systematic
review of randomized trials of interventions to assist patients to
follow prescriptions for medications. Lancet, 348,383...386.
Hays, R. B., & Kegeles, S. M. (1999). Factors related to the willing-
ness of young gay men to participate in preventive HIV vaccine
trials.Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and
Human Retrovirology, 20,164...171.
Hearst, N., Mandel, J. S., & Coates, T. J. (1995). Collaborative
AIDS prevention research in the developing world: The CAPS
experience.AIDS, 9(Suppl. 1), S1...S5.
Hecht, F. M., Grant, R. M., Petropoulos, C. J., Dillon, B., Chesney,
M. A., Tian, H., et al. (1998). Sexual transmission of an HIV-1
variant resistant to multiple reverse-transcriptase and protease
inhibitors.New England Journal of Medicine, 339,307...311.
Heimer, R., Kaplan, E. H., Khoshnood, K., Jariwala, B., & Cadman,
E. C. (1993). Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1
proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut.
American Journal of Medicine, 95,14...20.
Herek, G. M. (1999). AIDS and stigma. American Behavioral Sci-
entist, 42,1106...1116.
Ho, D. D., Neumann, A. U., Perelson, A. S., Chen, W., Leonard,
J. M., & Markowitz, M. (1995). Rapid turnover of plasma viri-
ons and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature, 373,
123...126.
Holtgrave, D. R. (Ed.). (1998). Handbook of economic evaluation of
HIV prevention programs.New York: Plenum Press.
Holtgrave, D. R., & Pinkerton, S. D. (1997). Updates of cost of ill-
ness and quality of life estimates for use in economic evaluations
of HIV prevention programs. Journal of Acquired Immune Defi-
ciency Syndromes, 16,54...62.
Jemmott, J. B., Jemmott, L. S., & Fong, G. T. (1992). Reductions in
HIV risk-associated sexual behaviors among Black male adoles-
cents: Effects of an AIDS prevention intervention. American
Journal of Public Health, 82,372...377.
Jemmott, J. B., Jemmott, L. S., & Fong, G. T. (1998). Absti-
nence and safer sex HIV risk-reduction interventions for African
American adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of
the American Medical Association, 279,1529...1536.