Handbook of Psychology

Subject Index 667

preinjury psychopathology, 426
social and interpersonal environment,
427...428
aging and physiologic changes, 420
chiropractic, 594...595
classi“cation of, 415...417
complications:
anxiety, 423
depression, 422...423
pain, 421
pressure sores, 421...422
spasticity and contractures, 422
urinary tract infections, 422
epidemiology, 417...421
family and, 429
functional goals for levels of injury, 416...417
future directions/advancements, 430
mortality, 420...421
psychological interventions, 429...430
sexuality and reproductive health, 419...420
vocational rehabilitation intervention
programs, 429
Spinal Manual Therapy (SMT), 594
St. Johns• wort (SJW), 600...601
Standardized Event Rating System
(SERATE), 33
Stanford Sleepiness Scale, 328
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), 396, 398
Stature, short/tall (adolescence), 471
Stigma, 176, 381...383
Stimulus-based perspective (stressful life
events), 28
Stimulus control therapy (insomnia), 331
Stress:
academic examination, 77
acutevs.chronic, 76...78
aging and, 499
arthritis and (seeArthritis and musculoskeletal
conditions, stress)
asthma and, 104...106
chronic fatigue syndrome and, 369, 375
coronary heart disease and, 341...343,
348...350, 353...356
diabetes and, 195...197
HIV-related, 232
immune function and, 75...78
insomnia and, 319
irritable bowel syndrome and, 398...399
laboratory, 77
occupational, 342, 369
postpartum reactions and, 526
transactional stress theory, 29
Stress-and-coping paradigm, 51...52, 441...442
Stressful life events, 27...45
age, 44
assessment of, 32...34
controllability, 31
culture/ethnicity, 43...44
disasters (natural and technological), 30...31,
36...38
future directions, 44...45
gender and, 39, 42...43
health outcomes of, 34...36
individual differences and, 42...44
nature of, 30...32

PTSD and, 31...32

research examples:

conjugal loss and bereavement, 38... 40

criminal victimization, 40... 41

migration (refugees), 41... 42

natural disasters, 36...37

technological disasters, 37...38

war and genocide, 38

theoretical perspectives:

cognitive-transactional process perspective,

28...30

response-based perspective, 28

stimulus-based perspective, 28

Stroke, 124...125, 492, 493, 516...517, 536

Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV

(SCID), 366

Substance abuse:

alcohol (seeAlcohol use/abuse)

headaches and, 248

nicotine (seeTobacco use/dependence)

treatment settings, AIDS prevention, 223...224

women•s health, 521...522

Suicide, 273, 584

Sun exposure, 270...271

Surgery:

bariatric, 130...131

cancer, 269, 274...275

transplantation (children), 457... 458

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS), 76

Sympathoadrenomedullary (SAM) axis, 76

Tactile therapies, 602...605

Tai chi, 596...597, 598

Technological disasters, 30...31, 37...38

Technology, 20, 238, 261

Telephone prompts/counseling, 133, 281

Tetraplegia, 416. See alsoSpinal cord injury (SCI)

Therapeutic touch (TT), 603...604

Therapies, complementary/alternative, 591... 607

common themes, 607

decision-making problem, 607

dietary/nutrition/lifestyle modi“cation,

601...602

Atkins• diet, 602

Gerson method, 602

macrobiotic diets, 602

Ornish Lifestyle Heart Trial, 602

very low fat diets, 601... 602

Eastern systems of healing (therapeutic

approaches/clinical applications), 595...598

Ayurveda, 595...598

traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),

596...598

expressive therapies, 605... 606

art therapy, 606

dance movement therapy (DMT), 605... 606

music therapy (MT), 606

written emotional disclosure, 605

future directions, 607

herbal remedies:

echinacea, 598...599

garlic, 599

ginger, 599

ginkgo biloba, 599... 600

ginseng, 600

kava, 600

research summary, 601

St. Johns• wort (SJW), 600 ... 601

integrating psychological interventions

with, 607

mind/body therapies, 606

movement therapies, 604 ... 605

aerobic exercise, 604

Alexander technique (movement therapy),

605

Feldenkrais• functional integration

(movement therapy), 605

leisure activity, 604

resistance exercise, 604

yoga, 605

tactile therapies, 602... 605

aromatherapy, 603

energy mobilization, 603

massage, 603

myofascial release and Rol“ng, 603

polarity therapy, 604

re”exology, 603

reiki, 604

soft tissue therapies, 603

therapeutic touch (TT), 603...604

Western systems of healing (therapeutic

approaches/clinical applications), 592...595

chiropractic, 594...595

homeopathy, 592...593

osteopathy, 593...594

Tobacco use/dependence, 147...162

advertising/promotions and, 154

aging and, 492, 494, 497

animal models of nicotine addiction, 149...153

place-conditioning (PC), 150, 151...152

preclinical genetic models: insights into

individual differences, 152

relevance of preclinical studies to

understanding tobacco dependence,

152...153

self-administration, 149...151

validity of, 150

basic mechanisms of nicotine addiction, 148...149

cancer and, 270

cessation methods (pharmaceutical/

nonpharmaceutical), 155...156, 596

cognitive effects, 153

ethnic minorities:

African Americans, 546

Asian Americans, 547...548

differences, 153

interventions for, 551...552

Latino(a) Americans, 549

Native Americans, 550

gender differences, 153

genetic in”uence evidence, 157...160

instruments for measuring, 159...160

phenotypes, 158...159

prevention/treatment, 155...157

pricing/control policy effects, 154...155

psychiatric comorbidity, 153...154

public health imperative, 160 ...161

risk factors for initiation/maintenance, 153...155

tobacco dependence •construct in need of

re“nement,Ž 159...160